水土保持技术选择的主要驱动要素分析

Analysis of Main Driving Factors of Soil and Water Conservation Technology Selection

针对水土保持技术选择理论研究相对滞后的现实,采用文献分析法、实地调查走访以及专家咨询等方法对水土保持技术选择的生态经济学背景进行了分析,并以典型流域——安塞县纸坊沟流域为例进行了实证,初步明确了水土保持技术与相关要素的耦合关系。(1)水土保持技术因水土流失的发生而产生,区域水土保持技术的选择和应用受到当时生态治理目标、国家宏观政策、区域经济发展的作用和制约;(2)纸坊沟水土保持技术的选择和应用与其水土流失治理的3个时期相对应,1973—1985年、1986—1998年、1999年之后,分别解决的主要问题是:粮食需求,流域生态系统恢复;在解决温饱和发展的基础上,促使流域生态系统稳定恢复;生态修复和生态系统功能稳步提升,所采用的水土保持技术分别为:水土保持工程技术与水土保持耕作技术为主、水土保持工程技术及水土保持生物技术为主,并实施了配套的耕作技术、生物技术为主,以工程技术和耕作技术作为补充与配套的技术体系。(3)水土保持技术的成熟度、应用难度、区域潜在实施效果等相耦合,形成了区域水土保持技术选择与应用的评估体系。

In view of the lagging reality of the theory of soil and water conservation technology selection, the ecological economic background of soil and water conservation technology selection was analyzed with the methods of literature analysis, field investigation and consultation, and expert consultation. The Zhifanggou watershed, Ansai County was taken as an example. The coupling relationship between soil and water conservation technology and related elements was preliminarily clarified.(1) Soil and water conservation technologies resulted from the occurrence of soil erosion. The selection and application of regional soil and water conservation technologies were affected and restricted by the target of ecological management and regional economic development.(2) The selection and application of water and soil conservation technology in Zhifanggou watershed corresponded to the three periods(1973 to 1985, 1986 to 1998, after 1999) of soil erosion control. The main resolved problems were: food demand, the restoration of ecological environment and improvement of ecological function. Soil and water conservation technology, soil and water conservation engineering technology, soil and water conservation engineering technology and soil and water conservation tillage technology were adopted, and supporting biological technology and biotechnology were implemented, and engineering and tillage technology were used as complementary and complementary technology systems.(3) The maturity of the soil and water conservation technology, the difficulty of application, and the regional potential effects were coupled to form an assessment system for the selection and application of regional water and soil conservation technologies.