昌黎县土地利用转型对生态环境效应的影响

Effects of Land Use Transformation on Ecological Environment in Changli County

借助ArcGIS 10.2,GS+7.0和Excel等工具,以昌黎县2009年、2012年、2015年土地利用数据为基础,按照"生产—生态—生活"土地利用主导功能分类,通过土地利用转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数、土地利用转型的生态贡献率等方法,定量分析了昌黎县土地利用转型、时空格局特征与生态环境效应。结果表明:(1) 2009—2015年,昌黎县基于"三生用地"的土地利用转型表现为生产用地和生活用地的快速增加,生态用地和生产生态用地的快速减少,生活生产用地的稳定。(2)昌黎县生态环境质量指数从2009年的0.330持续降至2015年的0.325,整体质量有所恶化,高质量区面积与比重保持较为稳定,较低质量区、中质量区和较高质量区构成了土地利用环境状况的主体。(3) 2009—2015年,昌黎县同时存在生态改善和恶化的两种趋势,生态环境改善小于环境恶化的趋势。其他生产用地和村庄生活用地对农业生产生态用地的占用是区域生态环境质量退化的重要原因。

According to land use classification based on the leading function of ecology, production and living, the land use data of Changli County in 2009, 2012 and 2015, the methods including land used transfer matrix, gravity center model, index of regional eco-environmental quality and ecological contribution ratio of different kinds of land change, and using ArcGIS 10.2, GS+7.0, Excel tools, we quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of land functional structural and spatial transformation as well as its eco-environmental effects. The results showed that:(1) land use changes in Changli County was chiefly manifested as the area increase of productive land and living land, stability of living-ecological land and decrease of ecological land and productive-ecological land;(2) the index of eco-environmental quality in Changli County reduced from 0.330 in 2009 to 0.325 in 2015, therefore the overall quality had been deteriorated;the area and proportion of high quality area remained relatively stable, and the lower quality area, medium quality area and higher quality area constituted to the main body of land use environment;(3) from 2009 to 2015, there were two trends of ecological improvement and deterioration in Changli County. In the whole, the eco-environment quality of land use pattern declined slightly. The critical factor of eco-environmental degradation was the large occupation of agricultural productive-ecological land by other productive land and rural living land.