淮河流域不同量级降雨时空分布特征及其影响因素

Temporal-Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Factors of Different Magnitude Rainfall in Huaihe River Basin

采用淮河流域1965—2016年67个气象站点52 a的逐日降水资料,应用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、反距离权重插值法和Morlet小波分析法,研究了不同量级降雨时空分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)淮河流域各量级降雨的年降水量均呈增大趋势,其中暴雨的年降水量年际变化波动相对较大。(2)整个淮河流域的降雨以中、大和暴雨为主,且比较集中。(3)淮河流域小雨和中雨的年降水量由南向北的递减较为平均,各级雨量带呈条带状分布,而大雨和暴雨的各级雨量带无条带状分布的规律。此外,不同量级降雨的降水日数和降水量空间分布一致,均具有'由南向北,依次递减'的特点。(4) 1965—2016年,太阳黑子出现极值的年份与淮河流域各量级降雨的降水量极值年份并不完全对应。淮河流域暴雨的年降水量和太阳黑子数都在15 a左右尺度上震荡明显,虽然尺度上不能完全对应,但有交叉,说明暴雨的年降水量和太阳黑子数存在相似的振荡周期变化。

Based on the daily precipitation data of 67 meteorological stations in the Huaihe River Basin in the period 1965—2016,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of different magnitude of rainfall in the Huaihe River basin and its influencing factors were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall trend test,inverse distance weighting interpolation,and Morlet wavelet analysis.The results showed that:(1)the annual precipitation of all orders of rainfall in the Huaihe River Basin increased,and the annual precipitation variation of heavy rain was relatively significant;(2)the rainfall in the whole Huaihe River Basin mainly concentrated in middle,large and torrential rain events;(3)the annual precipitation of the rain and middle rain in the Huaihe River Basin decreased from the south to the north by the average,and the rainfall bands at all levels were banded,while the rainfall belts in the heavy rain and the rainstorm had no strip distribution;in addition,the spatial distribution of precipitation days and precipitation of different orders of magnitude was consistent,with the characteristics of’from south to north,decreasing in turn’;(4)from 1965 to 2016,the extreme years of sunspot occurrence did not correspond to the extreme years of precipitation in the Huaihe River Basin;the annual precipitation and sunspot number of the rainstorm in the Huaihe River Basin oscillated obviously on the 15-year scale;although the scale could not be completely equivalent,there were intersections,which indicated that the annual precipitation of rainstorm and the number of sunspots were similar to the oscillation period.