锥栗林下不同复合经营模式水土保持效果

Effect of Different Agroforestry Systems of Castanea henryi on Soil and Water Conservation

为研究和推广科学合理的锥栗林下中药材复合经营模式与技术,在锥栗林下开展整地强度、覆盖物、套种药材3因素3水平正交试验,设计9个试验区(径流场),观测径流量和分析泥沙流失量,并以年泥沙流失量最少为依据,进行方差分析和多重比较,筛选出9个处理中的最佳组合。结果表明:(1)覆盖物对减少年径流量达到极显著水平,套种药材对减少年径流量达到显著水平,整地强度对年径流量的影响不显著,其中覆盖物以竹屑的减流效果最好,套种药材以多花黄精的减流效果最好,其年径流量分别比不套种减少24.60%和20.34%;(2)覆盖物对减少林地的年泥沙流失量达到极显著水平,套种药材对减少林地的年泥沙流失量达到显著水平,整地强度对增强林地的年泥沙流失量达到显著水平,其中覆盖物以竹屑的减沙效果最好,套种药材以'多花黄精+三叶崖爬藤'的减沙效果最好,其年泥沙流失量分别比不覆盖减少了57.47%和19.28%;(3)'不整地—覆盖竹屑—套种多花黄精和三叶崖爬藤'、'不整地—覆盖稻草—套种多花黄精'、'整地40%—覆盖稻草—套种多花黄精和三叶崖爬藤'、'整地60%—覆盖竹屑—套种多花黄精'4种模式,为筛选出的理想复合经营模式,与不整地、不覆盖、不套种相比,其年径流量和年泥沙量分别下降了38.74%和68.51%,37.64%和62.96%,36.55%和59.57%,31.81%和54.90%。

In order to study and popularize the different agroforestry systems of Castanea henryi and technology,orthogonal experiment was carried out under Castanea henryi forest with three factors and three levels.Nine experimental areas were designed to observe the runoff and analyze the sediment loss.Based on the minimum annual sediment loss,experiment was carried out.Variance analysis and multiple comparison were used to screen out the best combination of the 9 treatments.The results showed that:(1)the cover had a significant effect on reducing annual runoff,interplanting medicinal plants had significant effect on reducing annual runoff,and the effect of soil preparation intensity on annual runoff was not significant;bamboo filings had the best effect on reducing runoff,and interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema had the best effect on reducing runoff;the annual sediment losses under bamboo filings mulch and rice straw mulch were reduced by 24.60%and 20.34%,respectively,compared the no mulch treatment;(2)the cover had great significant effect on reducing annual sediment loss of forest land,while interplanting medicinal plants had significant effect on reducing annual sediment loss of forest land,and the intensity of soil preparation had significant effect on increasing annual sediment loss of forest land;the sediment losses from the pattern of‘Polygonatum cyrtonema+Tetrastigma hemsleyanum’were 57.47%and 19.28%less than that of uncovered treatment;(3)four modes were selected for this experiment,non-soil preparation-covering bamboo filings-interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema and Tetrastigma hemsleyanum,non-soil preparation-covering straw-interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema,land preparation 40%—covering straw—interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema and Tetrastigma hemsleyanum,and land preparation 60%—covering bamboo filings—interplanting Polygonatum cyrtonema,the annual runoff and sediment decreased by 38.74%and 68.51%,37.64%and 62.96%,36.55%and 59.57%,31.81%and 54.90%,respectively,than no land preparation-no cover-no interplanting.