贵州省土地系统脆弱性测度及其空间分异特征

Land System Vulnerability Measurement and Its Spatial Differentiation in Guizhou Province

采用PSR(Pressure-State-Response)、空间自相关分析法和变化斜率等方法,分析了2000—2015年贵州省土地系统脆弱性压力指数、状态指数、响应指数和综合指数变化情况及其总体空间分布差异和局域空间分异特征。结果表明:(1)土地系统脆弱性综合指数呈现先上升后缓慢下降的趋势,土地系统脆弱性程度在总体上有所缓解。其中,2000—2015年贵州省土地系统压力和敏感性呈现加重的趋势,土地系统适应力显著提升;(2)从各县脆弱性变化趋势看,2000—2015年贵州省区域内部土地系统脆弱性整体上朝着较好的方向发展,变化趋势上多数县域的土地系统脆弱性变化皆处于稳定或呈现不同程度降低的趋势;(3)从全局空间差异看,2000—2015年贵州省土地系统脆弱性压力指数变化、状态指数变化、响应指数变化、综合指数变化的Global Moran′s I值分别为0.154 2,0.465 3,0.154 1,0.160 2,土地系统压力、敏感性、适应力和脆弱性变化的空间分布呈现显著的集聚特征;(4)在局域空间分异方面,贵州省武陵山区、乌蒙山区和西南部峰丛洼地区是土地系统压力、适应力与脆弱性程度变化主要的热点区;而土地系统敏感性变化的热点区主要分布于黔中经济区、武陵山区和西南部峰丛洼地区。

Using PSR model,spatial autocorrelation analysis,change slope analysis and other methods,we analyze the overall spatial distribution differences and local spatial differentiation characteristics of land system vulnerability pressure index,state index,response index and comprehensive index changes in Guizhou Province from 2000 to 2015.The results show that:(1)in general,from 2000 to 2015,the vulnerability index of the land system in Guizhou Province presented a trend of rising first and then decreasing,indicating that the land system vulnerability has reduced;the pressure and sensitivity of the land system increased,but the adaptability was significantly improving;(2)from the perspective of the change range of vulnerability for county,from 2000 to 2015,the vulnerability of land system in Guizhou Province on the whole was developing in a better direction;in terms of the change trend,the land system vulnerability for most of counties was stable or showed the decreasing trend to some extent;(3)in general,the Global Moran′s I values of the pressure index changes,state index changes,response index changes and comprehensive index changes of the land system in Guizhou Province from 2000 to 2015 were 0.154 2,0.465 3,0.154 1 and 0.160 2,respectively,indicating that the land system pressure,the land system sensitivity,the land system adaptability and the land system vulnerability changes of spatial distribution in Guizhou Province had significant agglomeration characteristics;(4)in terms of local spatial differentiation,Wuling Mountainous area,Wumeng Mountainous area and peak cluster depression area were the main hotspots for the land system pressure changes,adaptation changes and vulnerability changes.The hotspots with the land system sensitivity change mainly distributed in the central economic area,Wuling Mountainous area and peak cluster depression area.