重庆市退耕还林工程实施的生态和经济效益分析

Analysis on Ecological and Economic Benefits of Implementing the Project of Returning Farmlands to Forests in Chongqing City

为了给进一步推动退耕还林工程的实施提供科学的理论依据,以西南地区重庆市为研究区域,通过收集退耕还林相关监测数据、重庆市历年统计年鉴资料和历年环境状况公报等,并结合野外参与式农户调查,对该区域退耕还林的生态和经济效益两个方面进行了分析与探讨。结果表明:退耕还林不仅明显提高植被覆盖率,也对水土保持、改善土壤质量状况、净化大气和固碳释氧起到积极作用。生态林在此次退耕还林中为主要林木类型,但经济林生长势和覆盖度整体上要好于生态林。乔灌混交林所占比例较低;退耕还林后,耕地面积减少,但粮食产量逐渐恢复到原有水平。人均收入显著增长,年均增长率达31.9%。林业产值也在逐年增加。退耕还林的实施对生态环境、当地经济兼具有促进作用,但相关部门还需进一步提高乔灌混交林的比例,并加强对生态林的管护。另外,采取有效措施来提高林业产值。

In order to provide a scientific theoretical basis for further promoting the implementation of the project,the ecological and economic benefits of returning farmlands to forests in Chongqing City were studied.Chongqing City in the southwest was taken as a research area.The ecology and economic aspects were analyzed and discussed based on the monitoring data related to returning farmlands to forests,Chongqing historical yearbook data and past year environmental status bulletins,and field-involved household surveys.The following results have been obtained.The project not only significantly improved vegetation coverage,but also played the positive role in soil and water conservation,improving soil quality,purifying the atmosphere and sequestrating carbon and releasing oxygen.At the same time,the ecological forest is the main type of forest in the project of returning farmlands to forests,but the growth potentials and coverage of the economic forests are better than the ecological forests as a whole.The proportion of the mixed forest of arbor and shrub is extremely low;after returning farmland to forest,the area of cultivated land reduced,but the grain output gradually returns to the original level.Per capita income has increased significantly,with an average annual growth rate of 31.9%.Meanwhile,the output value of forestry is also increasing year by year.The implementation of returning farmlands to forests will promote the ecological environment and local economy.However,the proportion of mixed forests of arbor and shrubs should be further increased,and the management and protection of ecological forests should be strengthened.In addition,effective measures should be taken to increase the output value of forestry.