基于影子价格模型的我国碳排放权交易市场价格扭曲度测算

Research on China's Carbon Emissions Trading Market Price Distort Based on Shadow Price Model

碳排放影子价格是衡量单位碳排放增加引起的边际产出减少的货币幅度,即环境治理的机会成本,其测算对我国制定碳排放权交易市场价格机制具有一定的借鉴意义。通过采用方向性产出距离函数以及粒子群算法对我国7家碳排放权交易试点所在地区的影子价格进行测算,同时与碳排放权交易试点现行交易价格进行对比,分析其是否存在扭曲。研究结果表明:我国7家碳排放权交易试点所在地区交易价格与影子价格变动趋势基本一致,但均存在较大程度的偏离,说明所在地区企业减排成本高、压力大,尤其是广东和深圳的环境治理成本较高,与此同时,湖北出现了"搭便车"的现象。

The shadow price of carbon emission measures the decreasing range of margin output caused by the increase of unit carbon emission,which means the opportunity cost of environmental governance,and its calculation has great significance on completing the price mechanism of carbon exchange market in China.The paper calculated the shadow price of carbon emission of seven areas where Carbon Emission Exchange allocated by using directional output distance function and particle swarm optimization,and made comparison with the transaction price.The conclusions show that,the carbon transaction prices in Carbon Emission Exchanges have the same trends with the shadow prices,whereas there exists a large degree of deviation.It indicates that the region’s enterprises have higher costs and pressures to reduce carbon emissions.Especially in Guangdong and Shenzhen,the costs of environmental management are higher than those of other regions.At the same time,there is a'free ride'phenomenon in Hubei.