我国普遍推行垃圾分类制度面临的问题与对策分析

Research on Problems and Countermeasures of the Implementation of Household Solid Waste Separation System in China

普遍推行生活垃圾分类制度关系居民生活环境改善与美丽中国建设。近20年来,全国各地开展了大量的垃圾分类试点示范和实践探索,但管理成效仍不理想,居民垃圾分类参与率仍较低,垃圾减量化没有取得实质性进展。首先,以厦门市为例,对我国生活垃圾分类工作的主要做法及典型经验进行了梳理总结;在此基础上,剖析了现阶段全面推行垃圾分类制度面临的主要问题。最后,提出了相应的对策建议:加强垃圾分类顶层设计,推行因地制宜的分类模式;建立垃圾分类和资源回收协调管理机制;综合运用经济手段和法律手段,强化居民、企业等相关主体责任;完善配套法律法规、标准体系,推进我国生活垃圾分类从制度化向精细化、规范化、法制化迈进等,以加快构建具有中国特色、符合中国国情的生活垃圾分类与资源回收模式。

The general implementation of the domestic waste separation is related to the improvement of residents’living environment and the construction of beautiful China.In the past 20 years,a large number of pilot demonstrations and practical explorations on waste sorting have been carried out all over China.However,the management effectiveness is still not satisfactory,the classification participation rate is still low,and the waste reduction has not made substantial progress.First,taking Xiamen City as an example,the main practices and typical experiences of domestic waste separation work are summarized.On this basis,the main problems faced in the implementation of waste classification at this stage are analyzed.Finally,the corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:to strengthen the top design of waste classification,promote the classification mode according to local conditions;to establish a coordinated management mechanism for waste separation and recycling;to strengthen the responsibility of relative subjects such as residents and enterprises relying on economic and legal means;to improve supporting laws,regulations and standards,and promote the classification of domestic waste in China from institutionalization to refinement,standardization and legalization,so as to accelerate the construction of the domestic waste classification and resource recycling mode with Chinese characteristics and in line with China’s national conditions.