现代生态学的若干方法论问题

SOME QUESTIONS ON THE METHODOLOGY OF MODERN ECOLOGY

当代科学迅速发展的同时,不断提出大量的科学方法论问题。随着人口、食物、能源、环境污染与自然资源保护等重大社会问题的出现,现代生态学的发展显得特别令人注目。为了认识生命自然界之间及其与人类社会之间存在的复杂生态关系,现代生态学正不断地向数学、物理、化学、地学,其它生物学分支(特别是遗传学)……以至有关社会科学的各个学科中吸取先进的方法和手段。

This paper had been discussed five questions about the methodology of modern ecology. First, the background and the development approach to modern ecology was described. Second, it was emphasized that the methodology was a scientific basis and guide to the ecological research. Third, it took the ecosystem as a paradigm of ecological invention and took a position opposite to some scholars who had given a definition that the ecosystem was the biotic community plus its habitat and had taken the ecosystem an epuivalence to the biogeocoenosis. Fourth, the ecosystem's evolution was described. And finally, it had an introduction for the target and approach of modern ecological schools in China.