青海东部河湟农业区人口与生态环境的相互关系

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN POPULATIONS AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS IN AGRICUL-TURAL REGION OF YELLOW RIVER AND HUANG SHUI RIVER BASIN,EAST QINGHAI

我们利用青海东部河湟农业区2县不同生态环境中的6个公社1970—1980年的人口统计数字,对人口与生态环境的关系进行了初步研究。 河湟农业区的3种生态环境:气候温暖,灌溉便利的川水区;植被稀疏,水土流失严重,干旱的浅山区;雨量丰富、热量不足的脑山区。 在人口构成相差不大的基础上,试用方差分析和t检验法分别对6个公社的人口出生率、死亡率进行检验。结果表明:生态环境以及生活质量的优劣对人口出生情况影响很小,在相同社会环境下,不同生态区之间的人口出生状况无显著差异。人口死亡状况在3种生态区之间可能存在显著差异,这主要是受医疗条件、交通、文化和传统风俗等社会因素的影响。人口迁移则是生态环境较好的地方,迁入人口一般较多。 三个生态区的人口密度,川水区最高,浅山区最低,脑山区居中,这主要是出环境条件和生活资料的供应能力所决定的。 环境的负荷能力是有限的,人口压力常使生态环境遭到破坏,控制人口已成为生态平衡的重要环节。

We preliminarily studied the relation of human population to their ecological environments by making use of a vital statistics from 1970 to 1980 for six communes of different ecological environments in two counties in agricultural region of Yellow River and Huang Shui River Basin, East Qinghai.There are three ecological areas of the cultivated land in Yellow River and Huang Shui River Basin: (1) the river-watering area being warm and having facilitated irrigation; (2)the lower mountain area being drought, having water loss and soil erosion with sparse vegetation; (3) the higher mountain area having richer rainfall but insufficient heat.On the basis of insignificant differences in human population structure, we tried out the analysis of variance and the test to show whether differences exist in birth rate and death rate respectively, and compared them in pairs of the six communes. The results indicated that the ecological environments and the quality of life, their better or worse, have little influences on the state of birth, and under similar social conditions, the state of birth in the different ecological areas has no significant difference. But significant differences in the state of death might exist in the three areas, these differences may be mainly caused by social factors such as medical condition, traffic, culture and traditional customs.However more immigration may occur in the place with better ecological environments.Among the population density in the three ecological environments, the highest population density existed in the river-watering area, the lowest was in the lower mountain area and the middle was in the higher mountain area. This mainly depends on the capacity of supply of living subsistence and of courseon the environmental conditions.The environmental carrying capacity is limited, the population pressure often makes the ecological environment worse so that birth control has become an important link of ecological balance.