山西蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区蛾类多样性

Preliminary investigation on the moths diversity in Manghe Rhesus Monkeys National Nature Reserve in Shanxi

选择山西蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区针阔叶混交林、阔叶落叶林、杂木林和灌木林4种植被类型为调查样地来初步了解蛾类群落结构及多样性。共采集蛾类标本4709只,隶属24科184种,其中螟蛾科种类和个体数量最多。在4种植被类型中,灌木林的蛾类种数最多,有20科132种,灌木林中螟蛾科为优势科;阔叶落叶林中最少,14科74种,尺蛾科为优势科;针阔叶混交林和杂木林居中,其中前者优势科不明显,后者以草螟科占优势。对4种植被类型中蛾类物种丰富度、多度、多样性和均匀度指数进行了计算和分析,结果表明:蛾类的多度指数在阔叶落叶林中显著低于其余3种植被类型;蛾类的丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数在灌木林中均最高,在针阔叶混交林和杂木林中则相近。蛾类种-多度曲线在针阔叶混交林、杂木林和灌木林中符合对数正态分布模型,而在阔叶落叶林中不符合对数正态分布模型。

The Manghe Nature Reserve is located in the south of Yangcheng County in Shanxi Province,China( 35°12'—35°17'N,112°22'—112°31'E) and it is —33 km long. It belongs to the southern warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone. It is an area which transforms from warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved vegetation to subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved vegetation. The Manghe Provincial Nature Reserve was authorized by the Shanxi Provincial People's Government in 1983,and the reserve was designated by the State Council of the People' s Republic of China in1988. It is a forest and wildlife reserve whose main protection objects are rhesus monkeys and subtropical vegetation. The rhesus monkey is listed as a class II protected species in China. Protection zones of wild rhesus monkeys in China belong to the north limit of its natural geographic distribution and this distribution area accounts for 40% of the Manghe Provincial Nature Reserve. On account of the abundant natural and cultural scenery,the reserve has increasingly attracted tourists.With the rapid development of tourism however,its vegetation has been damaged by unreasonable exploration and imperfect management. This affects a large number of insects living in the Manghe National Nature Reserve rhesus protection zone,especially the moth community. To gain insight into the structure and dynamics of the insect community in the Manghe National Nature Reserve rhesus protection zone,the species richness and diversity of the moth community were investigated based on collections in four vegetation types: mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest,broad-leaved deciduous forest,miscellaneous wood forest,and shrub land from June to August in 2012. A total of 4709 moth specimens were collected,of which 184 species from 24 families were identified. Pyralidae was the dominant family,with the most species and individuals. The highest number of moth species was in shrub land,with 132 species from 20 families,of which Pyralidae was dominant,while the least was in the broad-leaved deciduous forest,with 74 species from 14 families,of which Geometridae was dominant. It was moderate in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and miscellaneous wood forest,among which,the dominant family was Crambidae in the latter,but a dominant family was not obvious in the former. The species richness,abundance,diversity and evenness index of moths in the four vegetation types were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the moth richness index of the broad-leaved forest was lowest,and that the richness,diversity index and evenness index was highest in shrub land but moderate in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and miscellaneous wood forest. Species abundance curves of moths conformed to the lognormal distribution except in the broadleaved deciduous forest. The Euclidean distance clustering results first divided miscellaneous wood forest and shrub land into one category, which then combines with mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, and then with the broad-leaved deciduous forest. The chi-square distance clustering results clustered the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest,miscellaneous wood forest and shrub land and then the broad-leaved deciduous forest. It is extremely important to make better use of the Manghe Nature Reserve resources and this study will provide valuable information for studying and protecting them.