新疆生产建设兵团生态系统服务价值时空分异特征

An analysis on spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of the ecosystem service value of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

依据2000年和2010年新疆生产建设兵团(以下简称新疆兵团)土地利用数据,利用中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量表,分析了新疆兵团生态服务价值的时空分异特征。结果表明:2000—2010年全兵团单位面积生态服务价值增加了204.61元hm-2a-1,年增长率为0.41%,耕地和林地生态服务价值呈增长趋势,草地、水域、湿地、未利用地生态系统服务价值呈减少趋势;2010年各师单位面积的生态系统服务价值差别很大,其基本规律为一师>六师>十师>四师>九师>八师>五师>十四师>七师>二师>十二师>三师>十三师,这与不同土地利用类型生态服务价值指数的差别和各师的土地利用程度存在密切关系;一师、二师、四师、六师、七师、八师、十师、十二师单位面积生态服务价值呈增加趋势,三师、五师、九师、十三师、十四师单位面积生态服务价值呈减少趋势;人为开垦是该区域生态系统服务价值时空动态变化的主要驱动因素。

The term 'ecosystem services'refers to products such as water and ecological processes such as the natural filtering of water which the natural environment provides to mankind in the form of changed conditions in ecosystems.Ecosystem services is the material base and natural capital of human sustainable development. Research related to the value of these dynamic ecological services provides research data and refined information to land managers who can apply research results to the rational allocation of resources.In recent years,with the gradual deepening of this field of study as well as the development of 3S technology,more research has begun to focus on spatial ecosystem patterns and factors influencing the value of ecosystem services while achieving a series of impressive results. However,most previous studies lack spatial variation of the ecosystem services value. The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps( short for the Xinjiang Corps) is located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is a major green ecological barrier of the Xinjiang,and it is of great strategic significance to agricultural development and economic construction of the Xinjiang. Using land use data which is extracted by TM and HJ1A-CCD1 of the Xinjiang Corps in 2000 and 2010,based on the Costanza method and the Chinese land ecosystem services unit area value proposed by Xie Gaodi,This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial variation of the value of ecosystem services of Xinjiang Corps form 2000 to 2010 by RS and GIS technology. The results showed that during2000—2010,the value of ecosystem service of per unit area increased by 204. 61 yuan /( hm2. a) in the Xinjiang Corps,annual growth rate was 0. 41%. The ecosystem service value of cropland and woodland showed an increasing trend,the ecosystem service value of grassland,water body,unused land showed an decreasing trend. The value of ecosystem services of per unit area differ greatly in different divisions. The basic rule high to low was: division 1,division 6,division 10,division 4,division 9,division 8,division 5,division 14,division 7,division 2,division 12,division 3 and division 13.the ecosystem service value of per unit area of division 1,division 2,division 4,division 6,division 7,division 8 and division 12 showed an increasing trend. the ecosystem service value of per unit area of division 3,division 5,division 9,division 13 and division 14 showed an decreasing trend. The value of ecosystem services provided by of different land use types are quite different,with natural and artificial factors leading to changes in the type of land use present on a particular parcel of land.Manmade reclamation activities are the main driving factor for spatial and temporal dynamics seen in the value of ecosystem services provided by the Xinjiang Corps. Increasement of the cropland and decrease of the grassland lead to oasis and desertification development. To improve the ecosystem service value,land use planners should strive to protect water bodies,wetlands,vegetation,and environmentally sensitive areas.