杭州湾湿地芦苇生境两种雀形目鸟类繁殖期食性

Diet of two passerine birds during breeding season in reed wetland of Hangzhou Bay

研究鸟类的食性信息,对湿地围垦后利用方式的管理具有重要意义。于2017年7—8月采用稳定同位素分析方法对杭州湾南岸上虞港的震旦鸦雀(Paradoxornis heudei)和东方大苇莺(Acrocephalus orientalis) 2种雀形目鸟类进行研究,结果表明:震旦鸦雀各食物来源的贡献为夜蛾科(Noctuidae)蛹>鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)>蜘蛛目(Arachnida)>膜翅目(Hymenoptera)>同翅目(Homoptera);东方大苇莺的各食物来源的贡献为膜翅目(Hymenoptera)>蜘蛛目(Arachnida)>蜻蜓目(Odonata)>鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)>鞘翅目(Coleoptera)>同翅目(Homoptera);震旦鸦雀和东方大苇莺取食生态位宽度分别为5.21和5.95,两者的δ13C值没有显著差异(P>0.05),说明两者之间取食生态位存在一定的重叠,重叠度为6.25,但δ15N值存在极显著差异(P<0.01),营养级存在一定的差别。鳞翅目、蜘蛛目、膜翅目和同翅目是两种雀形目鸟类食谱中重叠的食源动物,而震旦鸦雀的取食生态位宽度较小,处于劣势地位,芦苇生境的丧失对震旦鸦雀的影响较大。研究结果可为滨海围垦区雀形目鸟类的栖息地构建、保护与管理提供基础数据。

Information on the bird’s diet composition is essential to understand how wetland reclamation affects diversity of passerine birds.Samples of feathers of Reed Parrotbill(Paradoxornis heudei)and Oriental Reed Warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)and samples of potential dietary insects were collected in the southern Hangzhou Bay(Shangyu,Shaoxing City),during the breeding season from July to August in 2017.Food sources were analyzed by measuringδ13 C andδ15 N values in bird feathers and insect samples.The results showed that the contribution of various diet composition of Reed Parrotbill ranked as:Noctuidae pupa>Lepidoptera>Arachnida>Hymenoptera>Homoptera.The contribution of various diet composition of Oriental Reed Warbler ranked as:Hymenoptera>Arachnida>Odonata>Lepidoptera>Coleoptera>Homoptera.The value of feeding niche breadths of Reed Parrotbill and Oriental Reed Warbler was 5.21 and 5.95,respectively.There was no significant difference in theδ13 C values between the two species,indicating an overlap between their feeding niches(P>0.05).However,there was a significant difference in the value ofδ15 N,with feeding niche overlap being 6.25,suggesting some differences of nutritional levels(P<0.01).Lepidoptera,Arachnida,Hymenoptera,and Homoptera were overlapping food-source insects for the two passerine species.The narrower niche breadth of Reed Parrotbill was inferior,and the loss of reed habitat had greater impacts on Reed Parrotbill.Our results provide information for habitat establishment,conservation and management of passerine birds in the coastal reclamation area.