堆肥过程中优势功能微生物菌群多样性及其影响因素

Biodiversity of dominant functioning microbial communities and influencing factors during composting

堆肥是一个由多因子所介导的复杂系统。功能微生物在堆肥中扮演着至关重要的因素,其在降解可利用废弃物的同时,也受到其他环境因子的调控,在不同堆肥时期有着明显的菌群差异。近年来,研究人员阐明了不同堆肥时期(嗜温期、嗜热期、降温期和腐熟期)优势微生物菌群多样性、功能以及堆体环境因子(温度、氧气、pH、EC和养分状况)对优势菌群的影响及其机理,这二者之间的相互作用促进了堆肥发酵进程。本文就堆肥不同时期优势微生物菌群多样性、生态学功能及其影响因素进行介绍,并提出堆肥研究所面临的问题,为今后堆肥过程中功能微生物的研究方向及合理利用提供新的视角。

Compost is a complex system mediated by multiple factors.Functional microbes,which play a crucial role in composting,are regulated by environmental factors.There are obvious differences in microbial population during different composting stages.In recent years,researchers have clarified the diversity and function of dominant microbial populations,as well as the effects of environmental factors(temperature,oxygen,p H,EC,and nutrient levels)on the dominant microbial populations in different composting stages(mesophilic,thermophilic,cooling,and maturity).The interactions between the dominant microbial populations and environmental factors promote the fermentation processes of compost.This paper introduced the diversity,ecological functions and influencing factors of dominant microbial populations in different stages of composting,and proposed the problems faced by the composting research.This review provides a new perspective for the research direction and rational utilization of functional microbes in composting process.