北京城市绿地近自然植物群落构建

Close-to-nature plant community construction in urban greenspace of Beijing

近自然植物群落对促进城市绿地群落稳定、激活生态系统内部调控机制、丰富生物多样性等具有重要作用。采用数量分类与环境排序的生态学方法,对北京鹫峰低海拔森林植物群落特征与环境影响要素进行研究,提出适于北京地区的近自然植物群落模式。结果表明:TWINSPAN将10块样地划分为4个植物群丛;样地和主要植物排序与TWINSPAN分类结果一致,以油松、槲树、栓皮栎为优势种的松栎混交林空间分布与海拔和土壤环境因子显著相关,其中土壤环境因子包括p H值、有机质含量、非毛管孔隙度;自然山体土壤与城市绿地土壤在p H值和有机质含量方面存在差异;遵循适生性、科学性与艺术性基本原则,构建形成5个近自然植物群落基本模式。

Close-to-nature plant communities play an important role in promoting community stability,activating the internal regulation mechanism of ecosystem and enriching biodiversity.We analyzed community characteristics and environmental factors of forest vegetation at Jiufeng Mountain,a low altitude district in Beijing,using numerical classification and environmental ordination.Then,we proposed some modes of close-to-nature plant community construction suitable for Beijing.The results showed that the 10 plots investigated could be classified into four associations by TWINSPAN.The ordination results of plots and main plant species were consistent with those of TWINSPAN.The mixed pine and oak forest with Pinus tabuliformis,Quercus dentata and Q.variabilis as the dominant species was significantly correlated with the altitude and soil factors including pH value,organic matter content,and non-capillary porosity.There were differences in soil p H and organic matter content between natural mountain soil and urban greenspace soil.According to the basic principles of adaptability,scientificity and artistry,we proposed five basic modes of close-to-nature plant communities.