外来入侵植物管理与控制成效的制约因素

Restraining factors on the effectiveness of invasive plants management and control

外来植物入侵对全球生态系统构成严重威胁,尽管入侵植物的管理与控制取得了一定进展,但要恢复被入侵生态系统、完成管控目标仍存在问题。本文对入侵植物管控成效的制约因素进行了综述,发现入侵植物管控过程中存在以下问题:(1)预防为主的管理原则不完全适用入侵管理;(2)入侵植物管理存在缺乏公众支持、生态责任主体单一及多头管理等缺陷;(3)入侵植物管理目标与社会管理目标及生态环境保护目标矛盾;(4)入侵植物控制措施成本高昂,易受环境因子限制,并产生负面生态效应;(5)目标入侵植物控制后可能产生入侵遗留效应并发生继发入侵。此外,全球变化在加速植物入侵的同时会改变人类观念,进一步增加了管控难度。据此,我们认为,未来应加强大时空尺度下入侵植物生态效应、入侵生境恢复、管控决策等方面的研究,以提升入侵植物管控成效,恢复植物入侵生态系统。

Biological invasion is one of the major causes of global biodiversity loss.Although some progress has been made in its management and control,there are still problems in restoring the invaded ecosystems and completing the management objectives.We reviewed the restraining factors on invasive plant management and control.The following problems are found in the management of invasive plants:(1)the precautionary principle is not fully applicable to invasion managements;(2)invasion management is facing the problems of lacking public participation,single ecological responsibility subject,and multiple management;(3)target conflicts exist in management of invasion management and social management and ecological environmental protection;(4)measures on invasive plants control are costly,susceptible to environmental factors,and common to produce side effects;(5)legacy effects and secondary invasion emerged after target plants are controlled.In addition,global change may exacerbate plant invasion and change the concept of human beings,which will further increase the difficulty of control.Hence,to enhance the effectiveness of management and control efforts and restore invaded ecosystems,it is necessary to strengthen the research on ecological effects of invasive species,invaded habitat restoration,and management decision at large spatial and temporal scales.