宋代“不武”不能独罪武举、武学制度

“Military Incompetence” of the Song Dynasty Should Not Be Ascribed to the System of Imperial Military Examination and Martial Art

宋代武举、武学招致很多批评,被认为是宋之"不武"的原因。本文考察武举、武学生的军事实践,认为其具有一定的军事能力,并在对外御侮、维持社会稳定以及军事外交方面都有不可忽视的贡献。从整个宋代来看,武举、武学军功少而不彰的原因是录取人数少、从军人少、有军功而不得重用。武举、武学不是宋之"不武"的原因,而只是其表现之一。

The imperial military examination and martial art of the Song Dynasty incurred much criticism and was regarded as the cause of military incompetence of the Song Dynasty. This article reviews the military practice of the imperial military examination and marital art students. It is of the opinion that the imperial military examination and martial art students had some military power and rendered assignable contributions to fighting against external invasion, maintaining social stability and military diplomacy. Throughout the Song Dynasty, the reason of the lack of military achievements of imperial military examination and marital lies in the shortage of enrolled students of imperial military examination, the lack of people joining the army and those who had military achievements were not put in important positions. So imperial military examination and marital art were not the reason of the military incompetence of the Song Dynasty. They were only on aspect of the incompetence.