拓跋魏军事监察体制研究

Research of the Military Surveillance System of the Tabgatch Wei

拓跋鲜卑建立的北魏政权承袭汉魏晋制度,结合自身特点,创设了行之有效的军事监察体制,具体包括监军行台、督军使者和各类副将。朝廷甚重督察要员的选任,通常以皇家姻戚、近信侍臣和宪台官员充当耳目,又特别注意人事关系的回避原则,确保监察活动的正常开展。督察要员不只局限于监视,还更多参与指挥决策和作战行动,职能全面深入。北魏军事监察体制顺应皇权专制发展的趋势,渐趋完备合理,不仅捍卫家国天下,还极大丰富了中古兵学文化与制度文明。

The Northern Wei regime founded by the Tabgatch Xianbei tribesmen inherited the governmental system of the Han, Wei, and Jin dynasties. In accordance with its own special characteristics, it established the effective military surveillance system comprised of the Military Inspector Office, Military Governor and various kinds of deputy generals. The imperial court attached great importance to the selection and appointment of the important officers responsible for the inspection affairs. Usually, the relatives of the imperial families, the trusted ministers and the governmental officers were selected as the informants. The imperial court also paid attention to the abstention principle of human relationships to ensure that the surveillance actions could be regularly launched. The work of the important surveillance officers was not limited to inspection. They participated in the commanding and decision-making as well as the warring action. The military surveillance system of the Northern Wei dynasty followed the development of imperial autocracy. With an improved system, it not only defended the state, but also greatly enriched the ancient Chinese military culture and governmental system civilization.