共产国际视野下的中共苏维埃革命

The CPC's Soviet Revolution in the Perspective of the Communist International

共产国际曾经有一个重要论断:"中国的苏维埃革命已经成为世界革命的重大因素","只有苏维埃能够救中国"。共产国际、联共(布)与中国共产党、中国苏维埃革命的关系非常密切而又错综复杂。中共是共产国际下属的一个支部,在领导体制上是一种上下级的关系、领导与被领导的关系。中共既要听命于共产国际、联共(布)和斯大林的旨意,又要从中国的实际出发,独立自主地作出自己的正确决策。共产国际对中国苏维埃革命的指导,既有重大功绩,又有严重失误。独立自主,走自己的路,这是马克思主义中国化的必然选择,也是中国共产党人在苏维埃革命的战争硝烟中获知的理性感悟。

The Communist International( Comintern) used to have an important thesis: ' China's Soviet revolution has become a major factor in the world revolution', ' Only the Soviet can save China'.The relations between the Comintern,the Communist Party of the Soviet Union( CPSU)( Bolshevik) and the Communist Party of China( CPC),the Chinese Soviet revolution have been very close and perplexing. The CPC,as a branch of the Comintern,had a kind of relationship between the upper and lower levels,the relationship between the leading and the led in the leadership system. The CPC needed to take orders from the Comintern,the CPSU( Bolshevik) and Stalin's will,and also make their own correct decisions independently from China's reality. There were both great achievements and serious mistakes in the guidance of the Comintern to the Chinese Soviet revolution. Thus,to be independent,autonomous and following our own road,was not only the inevitable choice of the localization of Marxism in China,but also the Chinese Communists' rational perception acquired from the smoke of war in the Soviet revolution.