稻米品质研究——Ⅱ.灌浆期间环境条件对稻米品质的影响

A Study on Grain Qilality of Rice Ⅱ.The effect of environmental factors in the period of grain filling on rice grain quality

以8个品种的分期播种试验和5个品种的不同地点栽培试验,研究灌浆成熟期间环境条件对稻米品质性状的影响。结果表明,稻米的长度、宽度和长宽比等性状受环境的影响较小,而垩白面积、糊化程度、直链淀粉的含量、胶稠度等性状对环境的变化较为敏感,但受环境条件的影响程度因品种而异,其中Lemont的糊化温度、IR_(661)的直链淀粉含量,南京11号的胶稠度以及广陆矮4号、南京11号的垩白面积等部属对环境变异敏感的类型。品质性状与主要气象因素的相关分析表明,糊化温度、胶稠度、垩白面积与日均温、平均光照时数、相对湿度一般呈正相关,与直链淀粉含量呈负相关。在所分析的3个气象因素中,以温度对品质性状的影响最大,光照条件次之,相对湿度较弱。

In order to investigate the effect of environmental factors during grain ripening on rice grain quality 8 varieties were sown in 5 batches with 20 days separation each and 5 varieties grown in 4 localities representing the latitude from N31°30′ to N34°30′. It was found that the grain length, the grain width and the ratio of length/width were rather stable, but the chalkness, gelatinization temperature, amylose content and gel consistency were relatively sensitive to environmental factors. The sensitivity varied greatly among varieties tested, the gelatinization temperature for Lemont, the amylose content for IR_661. the gel consistency for Nangking 11, the chalkness for Guang-luai 4 and Nangking 11 were sensitive than the others. Generally speaking, positive correlation was commonly found between gelatinization temperature, gel consistency, chalkness and daily mean tem perature, average daylight hours as well as the relative humidity of the atmosphere; on the other hand, the amylose content was negatively correlated to the environmental factors mentioned above. Among the factors, daily mean temperature seemed to have most active influence to grain quality and followed by daylight, and then the relative humidity of the atmosphere.