与眼部疾病相关的长链非编码RNA的研究进展

Research Advances of the Role of LncRNA in Ocular Diseases

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,LncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸不具备编码蛋白质功能的转录子,在表观遗传、转录或转录后水平调节基因的表达,维持细胞稳态。研究表明多种LncRNA的表达失衡在肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移、干细胞的全能性、免疫细胞的发育及应答过程中发挥重要。新近的研究显示许多LncRNAs特异表达与眼部疾病发生密切相关。本文主要对目前报道的与眼部常见疾病如翼状胬肉、白内障、青光眼、糖尿病视网膜病变、眼部肿瘤等差异表达LncRNAs的功能和作用机制进行了综述,以期为LncRNAs作为眼部疾病的生物学标记和潜在治疗靶点的的应用提供参考资料。

Long non-coding RNA(LncRNA) are recognized as transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides and that structurally resemble m RNA but have little or no protein-coding potential. Briefly, lncRNA regulates the gene expression at epigenetics, transcriptional or post transcriptional levels, maintains the cellular homeostasis. At present, a variety of LncRNA are proved to play important regulatory roles in multiple biological processes, such as tumor cell lineage commitment, stem cell pluripotency, development and response of immune cells. To date, several lncRNAs have been implicated in common ocular diseases, such as pterygium, cataract, glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy and ocular tumors. Focused studies will surely provide useful insights for understanding disease pathogenesis and identifying new disease mechanisms. Intensive research will inspire new hypotheses about pathogenesis and will lead to novel clinical applications. Here, we review and summarize the currently identified lncRNAs as follows.