大兴安岭地区可培养毛霉门真菌多样性与分布

Diversity and distribution of culturable Mucoromycota fungi in the Greater Khinggan Mountains, China

为查明大兴安岭地区可培养毛霉门真菌的资源、多样性及其分布,本研究选取9个代表市县,采集了279份枯枝落叶、腐殖质、土壤和粪便样品,采用稀释平板挑取法、稀释平板切块法和样品直接培养挑取法进行分离培养。通过形态初步观察鉴定,共得到毛霉门真菌1,153株。选取代表性的菌株706株,基于真菌分子条形码ITS rDNA进行分子系统发育多样性分析,明确了毛霉门真菌总计3目8科10属38种。优势属为被孢霉属(Mortierella)、伞形霉属(Umbelopsis)和毛霉属(Mucor),优势种为类变形被孢霉(Mortierella amoeboidea)、冻土毛霉(Mucor hiemalis)和深黄伞形霉(Umbelopsis isabellina)。本文同时汇总了全国已报道毛霉亚门和被孢霉亚门共计26属的分布,分析了大兴安岭优势属和优势种在全国的分布。按三大主要生态区(东部湿润、半湿润生态区,西北干旱、半干旱生态区和青藏高原高寒生态区)对所有属进行区域分析,结果表明:有9个属在3个大区都有分布;对特有属而言,东部湿润、半湿润生态区发现9个,西北干旱、半干旱生态区仅有1个,青藏高原高寒生态区未发现。

To investigate the resources,diversity and distribution of culturable mucoromycotan fungi in the Greater Khingan Mountains,279 samples including dry branches and fallen leaves,humus,soil and faeces were collected from nine representative counties and cities.A total of 1,153 strains of mucoromycotan fungi were isolated using a dilution plate,cutting and direct incubation methods.Among the 1,153 strains,706 representatives were analyzed on the basis of fungal molecular barcode ITS rDNA.These mucoromycotan fungi were classified into 3 orders,8 families,10 genera and 38 species.Dominant genera were Mortierella,Umbelopsis,and Mucor,while dominant species were Mortierella amoeboidea,Mucor hiemalis,and Umbelopsis isabellina.This paper also summarized all 26 genera of Mucoromycotina and Mortierellomycotina reported in China,and the distribution of the dominant genera and species of the Greater Khinggan Mountains were analyzed.In addition,regional distribution of all genera was analyzed with regard to three major ecological regions(Eastern wet and semi-humid ecological regions,northwestern arid and semi-arid ecological regions and the Tibetan Plateau alpine ecological regions).The results showed that nine genera were distributed in all the three regions.For endemic genera,nine were found in the Eastern wet and semi-humid ecological region,only one in northwestern arid and semi-arid ecological region,and none in the Tibetan Plateau alpine ecological regions.