口蹄疫紧急疫苗研究进展

Research Advances in Emergency Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines

口蹄疫（foot-and-mouth disease,FMD）紧急疫苗为一种高效力疫苗(PD50≥6),其免疫交叉性广泛,接种34天后即可诱发保护性免疫反应,并能阻止或减少病毒在咽喉等其它易于病毒藏匿部位的复制、排泄及持续感染的形成,所诱发抗体的持久性长于传统灭活疫苗。紧急疫苗2001年在荷兰及90年代在希腊等东欧国家的成功应用,突现出其用于应急预防的优势。近来,世界口蹄疫参考实验室和其它国家的多项研究证实,紧急疫苗在抵抗间接感染和直接感染方面均有着其它现有疫苗无可比拟的优势,可作为防患未然的有力武器。目前,紧急疫苗已被英国等无口蹄疫国家作为防控口蹄疫的战略储备疫苗。本文将从紧急疫苗迅速诱发保护反应的机制、抗原普及免疫效力等方面加以阐述。

Foot-and-mouth disease(FMD) emergency vaccines was a high potency vaccine(usually ≥6protective dose 50(PD50)),which had wide cross-immunity within FMD serotypes,and could induce rapid protective immunity after animals were inoculated 3 ~4 days,moreover,used emergency vaccine could prevent or decrease local virus replicating in throat and other sites,where is adapt to FMDV existing,so dramatically reduced the amount of virus released into environment and occurrenced of persistently infected ' carrier' animals following vaccination,furthermore,the antibody induced by emergency vaccines maintaining longer than traditional inactived vaccines.The successful using of emergency vaccines by Netherlands and Greece in 2001and 90 times,respectively,indicated that emergency vaccines was advantage of defending emergency conditions.Lately,several studies carried out by world foot-and-mouth disease referenced laboratory and other countries approving that emergency vaccines had unexampled preponderance whether in preventing direct infection or indirect infection.At present,emergency vaccines were considered by UK and other free Foot-and-mouth disease countries as an additional means for control.This article described emergency vaccines from its antigenic coverage、immunity potency and rapid immunity mechanism.