胶质母细胞瘤相关分子标志物研究进展

Review of Biomarkers for Glioblastoma

胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma,GBM)是中枢神经系统中最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤,肿瘤患者预后差,中位生存时间仅为14个月,并且经过治疗后仍有极高的复发率。现今无法治愈GBM的重要原因之一是人们仍然缺乏对GBM耐药性在肿瘤生物学机制方面的理解。因此,全面探究GBM相关分子标记物对于研究GBM是必不可少的。对近年来研究发现的GBM相关分子标志物进行了全面的介绍,包括表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶1/2(isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2, IDH1/2)、1p19q等以及影像学和免疫学相关分子标志物等,这些分子标志物为胶质母细胞的准确分类和精准治疗提供了理论基础,通过对以上标志物相关的肿瘤分子通路的探究,有利于发展出更为有效的靶向治疗手段,从而大幅提高GBM患者的生存时间。

As one of the common primary malignant tumor in central nerve system, glioblastoma(GBM) demonstrates poor prognosis with 14 months of median survival. Higher recurrence is one of the characters of GBM after treatment. The reason for absence of effective therapy of GBM is our poor understanding of tumor biology and mechanism of GBM. As a consequence, it is necessary that comprehensively understanding molecular markers of GBM to improve clinical outcome. This review introduced GBM markers such as EGFR, IDH1/2 and 1 p19 q as well as imaging biomarkers and immune checkpoints. Accurate classification of GBM and personalized treatment was developed based on these markers. Furthermore, the relevant cancer pathway gives a chance to develop the target treatment and improve the GBM patient survival.