民俗傳播過程中文化遺存的附會與爭搶

The Competition and Forced Inclusion of Cultural Heritage in Folklore Communication

中國是一個歷史悠久的文明古國,有著幾千年的民俗與民間文學。其傳播的方式,有物質的、語言的,有書面的、口頭的,還有口述的記錄形式,等等。在民俗傳播過程中,隨著傳播者的有意識主動介入甚至攬入,使得傳播内容有地著現象,即傳播内容的當地語系化現象。久而久之,就會附會出多樣的文化遺存;同一主題的文化遺存多了,就會引起兩地或多地之間的長期、持續的爭議、搶奪。@是民俗傳播過程中一種比較普遍的現象。發展到後來,甚至出現蓄意作假的現象。我們將此類現象稱之爲'杏花村現象'。地著情況最突出,文化遺存的附會與爭搶最嚴重、最典型的,應該是孟姜女文化遺存的附會與爭搶。

China is an ancient civilization with a long history. The country has witnessed thousands of years of different folklore and folkways, which are being spread in verbal, written and physical forms. The folklore and folkways frequently experience 'localization' in cultural communication, depending on the culture introducers’ behavior. The culture introducers may choose to simply introduce the new culture, or forcefully claim the new culture as their own. Over the times, the forced inclusion of the same folklore in different regions contributed to diverse cultural heritages. However, there is an increasing number of different cultural heritages that were originated from the same folklore, which triggers longterm, on-going competitions among two or more regions. This is a common phenomenon during the cultural communication, which sometimes results in deliberate falsifying of the folklore and folkways. We call this the 'Xinghua Village' phenomenon. The most typical and prominent cultural heritage competition is the competition over the 'Meng Jiangnü' legend.