上海浦东新区14岁以下儿童麻疹发病影响因素的分析

Analysis of influencing factors of incidence of measles among children at ages of less than 14 years in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,China

目的分析上海市浦东新区14岁以下儿童麻疹发病的影响因素,为麻疹防控提供参考。方法采用1∶1配对的病例对照研究,选择2016～2017年浦东新区14岁以下儿童麻疹确诊病例,以年龄、性别、户籍、居住地相匹配的无麻疹患病史的儿童作为对照,比较两组的人口学、暴露史、麻疹免疫史等信息。结果共调查对象122例,单因素logistic分析显示,有公共场所出入史、医院暴露史和离沪史是麻疹发病的危险因素,儿童麻疹免疫史、母亲麻疹免疫史是保护因素;多因素logistic分析显示,有公共场所出入史和医院暴露史是麻疹发病的危险因素,儿童麻疹免疫史是保护因素。结论麻疹防控应确保儿童麻疹疫苗接种的及时性和规范性,控制院内感染,加强公共场所和医疗机构的麻疹防控宣教,提高人群麻疹防护意识。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of incidence of measles among children at ages of less than 14 years in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,China so as to provide a reference for prevention and control of measles. Methods A 1 ∶ 1 matched case-control study was used to collect the information on children with diagnosed measles,at ages of less than 14 years,from 2016 to 2017. The control group were recruited in parallel and matched to cases by age,gender,household register and residential area. The questionnaire included social demographic characteristics as well as histories of exposure and measles vaccination. Results A total of 122 subjects were investigated in this study. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the histories of exposures to public place and hospital and leaving Shanghai were risk factors of incidence of measles, while the immunization histories in children and mothers were protective factors.However,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the histories of exposures to public place and hospital were risk factors,while the immunization history in children was a protective factor. Conclusion According to the results of the study, we propose to ensure the timeliness and standardization of measles vaccination, to control nosocomial infections,to strengthen the propaganda and education of measles prevention in public places and medical institutions,and to improve the people′s awareness of measles protection in children.