蚕丝蛋白在生物样本保存领域应用的研究进展

Progress in research on application of silk protein in preservation of biospecimens

蚕丝是一种天然的高分子材料,由60%~80%的丝素、15%~35%的丝胶及约5%的石蜡、色素、糖类等杂质组成。丝素具有良好的生物相容性和降解性,在药物缓释、促进伤口愈合、组织工程支架等生物医药领域及降血糖、抑菌等医疗保健方面均具有广泛应用;丝胶包裹在丝素纤维外层,对丝素起保护作用,其不仅是非常有用的生物材料,还具有许多生物活性和药理作用,如抗氧化性、抗肿瘤活性、物理胃肠功能等作用。近年,蚕丝蛋白在生物样本保存领域的应用备受研究者关注,本文对蚕丝蛋白在生物样本低温保存和常温保存方面的应用和成果、存在的问题及未来的研究方向作一综述,以期为蚕丝蛋白在生物样本保存领域的应用提供参考。

Silk is a natural polymer material consisting of 60%~80%of silk protein,15%~35%of sericin as well as about 5%of foreign matters such as paraffin wax,pigment and carbohydrates.Silk protein has good biocompatibility and degradability,which has been widely used for controlled-release of drugs,promotion of wound healing,scaffold of tissue engineering as well as decrease of blood glucose level and bacteriostasis.As an effective biomaterial,sericin encloses the silk fibers and protects the silk protein,which shows various bioactivities and pharmacological actions such as antioxidation,anti-tumor activity and physical gastrointestinal function.In recent years,the application of silk protein in biospecimens preservation has been paid more attention.This paper reviews the achievement,problem and prospect in research on the application of silk protein in the field of cryopreservation and room temperature preservation of biospecimens so as to provide a reference for application of the protein in biospecimen preservation.