渔用疫苗佐剂的研究进展

Progress in research on fishery vaccine adjuvant

目前,我国水产养殖业已进入规模化、产业化模式,在水产动物疾病的困扰下,免疫防控是抵抗传染性疾病的有效方式之一。弱毒疫苗存在毒力返强的风险,传统的灭活疫苗和新兴的重组疫苗存在抗原量大、免疫持续期短、免疫效力低的问题,单独使用时不能达到理想的免疫效果。佐剂是一种先于抗原或与抗原同时使用的物质,可增强非特异性免疫反应,仅使用少量抗原即能达到理想的免疫效果,配比合适的疫苗佐剂可有效提高疫苗的保护力。本文就目前常见的渔用疫苗佐剂作一综述,为佐剂疫苗的研发提供参考。

At present,the aquaculture industry in China has entered a large-scale and industrialized mode.Under the circumstance of aquatic animal diseases,immune prevention is one of the effective ways to resist infectious diseases.Live attenuated vaccine has the risk of virulence reverse,while the traditional inactivated vaccines and emerging recombinant vaccines have the problems of large antigen quantity,short immunization duration and low immuno-competence,and can not achieve the desired immunological effect when used alone.Adjuvant is a substance that precedes or used simultaneously with antigen to enhance nonspecific immune response,with which the antigen only in a small quantity can be used to achieve the desired immune effect.The vaccine adjuvant at an appropriate proportion can effectively improve the protective power of the vaccine.In this paper,the adjuvants for common fishery vaccines are reviewed to provide a reference for research and development of vaccine adjuvant.