儿科医护人员对免疫功能异常儿童预防接种认知的调查

Investigation on cognition about vaccination in children with immune deficiency among pediatric doctors and nurses

目的调查儿科医护人员对免疫功能异常儿童预防接种的认知情况。方法根据《免疫异常儿童预防接种(上海)专家共识》,通过问卷星平台设计电子问卷,选择某三甲儿童医院的医护人员进行调查。结果共430例医护人员完成问卷;77. 4%调查对象认为免疫功能异常儿童应在稳定期接种疫苗;42. 3%调查对象认为即使疾病诊断或治疗前已经完整接种过疫苗,仍然有必要重新接种;90. 9%及94. 4%调查对象分别认为免疫受损儿童的传染病及传染病引起的严重并发症风险增高;48. 8%、47. 2%、53. 7%的调查对象分别推荐身体状况允许的免疫功能异常患儿可接种乙肝、麻疹、所有灭活疫苗;文化程度、工作岗位、所在科室、参加工作年限及免疫功能异常科室工作年限的因素会影响医护人员对免疫功能异常儿童预防接种的认知。结论儿科医护人员对免疫功能异常儿童预防接种认知不佳,受多种因素影响,应充分考虑所在科室、工作岗位、职称、参加工作年限等差异,加强医护人员对相关知识的学习及培训;以更有效地推广免疫功能异常患儿的预防接种。

Objective To investigate the cognition about vaccination in children with immune deficiency among pediatric doctors and nurses.Methods A questionnaire was designed based on available guidelines,and disseminated through Wenjuanxing online questionnaire platform among doctors and nurses in a tertiary grade A pediatric hospital.Results A total of 430 questionnaires were analyzed.Among the objects of investigation,77.4%considered that the children with immune deficiency should be vaccinated during stable period,while 42.3%agreed that it was necessary to revaccinate even if a complete vaccination was given before the diagnosis and therapy of diseases.However,90.9%and 94.4%of the objects believed that the risk and severity of contagious disease in pediatric patients with immune deficiency were higher than those in normal children,while 48.8%,47.2%and 53.7%recommended hepatitis B vaccine,measles vaccine and all the inactivated vaccines to the children if their physical conditions permit,respectively.The cognition was influenced by the education degrees,job,department and working experience.Conclusion The cognition about vaccination in children with immune deficiency among pediatric doctors and nurses was poor,which was influenced by multiple factors.It is crucial to enhance the cognition through education or training.The different backgrounds of doctors and nurses,such as the department,job,title and working experience,should be considered for effectiveness of future training so as to promote the vaccination in children with immune deficiency.