材料加工技术的发展现状与展望

DEVELOPING SITUATION AND PROSPECTS OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES

概述了材料加工技术的发展历史与现状,对其总体发展趋势和主要发展方向进行了分析。认为过程综合、技术综合、学科综合是材料加工技术的总体发展趋势,详细讨论了金属材料加工技术的主要发展方向:传统加工工艺的短流程化和高效化,不断进行以节能、降耗、高效及优质为主要特征的技术升级换代;发展先进成形加工技术,实现组织性能的精确控制;材料设计(包括成分设计、性能设计与工艺设计)、制备与成形加工的一体化,实现高附加值难加工材料或制品的高效近终形成形;开发新型制备与成形加工技术,发展新材料与新制品;材料的智能制备与成形加工技术。强调了按使用要求设计材料的性能以及性能设计与工艺设计一体化的重要性,并对有重要发展前景和实用价值的材料加工新技术新工艺进行了评述和展望。

The development history and present situation of materials processing technologies are summarized, and the general developing tendency and the main developing directions are analyzed. It figures out that the general developing tendency of materials processing technologies is process integration, technology integration and subject integration. The main developing directions of metallic materials processing technologies is concretely discussed in detail: (i) Compact process and high efficiency of traditional processing technologies leading to constantly carry through the technological upgrading with main characteristics of saving energy, reducing consumption, high efficiency and high quality; (ii) Developing advanced processing technologies to realize precise control of structure and performance of materials: (iii) Integrating materials design (including composition design, performance design and process design), preparation and processing to realize high efficient near-net-shape forming of high value-added and diffi-cult-to-process materials or products; (iv) Developing new preparing and processing technologies to develop new materials and products and (v) The smart preparation of materials and the relative processing technologies. The significance to design materials performance according to application requirement and to integrate performance design and process design are emphasized, and some advanced materials processing technologies with important development prospects and practical values are reviewed and prospected.