营商环境、企业特惠度与异质性出口行为

Business Environment,Enterprise Preferential Degree and Heterogeneous Export Behavior

基于企业特惠度视角,解答了中国营商环境与出口贸易之间关系的谜题。在理论分析的基础上,采取中国企业调查数据进行了实证分析。结果显示:较差的营商环境导致特惠度较低的企业中,内销企业的出口概率增大,出口企业的出口强度降低,但总体出口强度增加,即被'挤出'国内市场;特惠度较高的企业呈现相反的出口行为。进一步考察发现,较差的营商环境对外资企业的出口行为无显著影响,但对其他类型的特惠度较低的企业产生了'挤出'效应。因此,优化营商环境、限制特惠资源、取消外资企业特惠待遇是实现出口贸易可持续发展的必要措施。

Based on the perspective of enterprise preferential degree,this paper explained the paradox of the relationship between China’s business environment and export trade.The results of theoretical and empirical studies show that,in deficient business environment,domestic firms with lower preferential degree tend to choose to export,and export firms with lower preferential degree may decrease export intensity,but overall export intensity has increased at the same time,which means having been‘squeezed out’from domestic market.Firms with higher preferential degree show opposite export behavior.Further analysis reveals that,deficient business environment has no significant impact on the export behavior of foreign-owned firms,while it has emitted similar'crowing out'effect on kinds of firms with lower preferential degree.Therefore,improving business environment,limiting preferential resources and canceling the preferential treatment for foreign-owned firms are necessary for realizing the sustainable development of export trade.