非晶合金的塑性成形

Plastic forming of bulk metallic glasses

独特的长程无序、短程有序的微观结构使得非晶合金具有优异的力学、物理及化学性能,例如高硬度、高强度、优异的耐腐蚀以及大弹性极限,因此被认为是一种潜在的功能与结构材料,自问世以来一直是最热门的前沿性研究之一,并在体育、电子、航天、航空、军工、能源等领域具有明确而巨大的应用背景。随着制备技术的不断成熟,理论研究的不断深入,非晶合金作为一种性能优异的金属材料将翻开21世纪材料研究新篇章。然而,非晶合金在室温变形过程中呈现室温脆性及应变软化特征,致使其易于发生灾难性断裂,极大地限制了该先进材料的塑性成形。文章综述了非晶合金冷塑性成形及热塑性成形方面的研究进展,证实了非晶合金在多向复杂应力状态下可进行室温塑性成形,在过冷液相区内体现优异的超塑性成形能力,并就非晶合金塑性成形领域今后值得关注的问题进行了展望。

Due to the unique atomic configurations,i.e.,long-range disorder and short-range order,metallic glasses(MGs)demonstrate striking mechanical,physical and chemical properties,such as superior hardness and strength,excellent corrosion resistance and high elastic limit.These unique properties qualify them promising in structural and functional applications where high performance is needed.Since their discovery,MGs have become one of the hottest topics of scientific and technological interest in sports,electronics,aeronautics,astronautics,military and energy area.With the ongoing development of fabrication techniques and theoretical researches,MGs,as a kind of advanced metallic materials,will open a new era in the field of materials science community.However,at room temperature,MGs usually exhibit brittleness and strain softening,which makes them prone to catastrophic fracture and thus largely restricts their plastic forming capacity.The research progress of cold and hot plastic forming of MGs was systematically surveyed and reviewed.Then,the feasibility of the cold plastic forming of MGs was clarified,and the excellent plastic forming capacity of MGs within supercooled liquid region was approved.Finally,the future prospect of the plastic forming of MGs was pointed out.