轨道交通用工业AA5083铝合金快速超塑性成形技术研究

Research on quick superplastic forming technology of industrial AA5083 aluminum alloy for rail traffic

采用快速超塑成形技术对高铁车辆侧壁外板进行成形试验,结果表明,其生产效率高、成本低,能够成功解决传统冲压工艺无法实现复杂空间曲面铝合金零件以及传统超塑成形工艺成形周期长、效率低的难题。通过系列试验研究,确定了热冲压工艺与超塑成形工艺相结合的快速超塑成形技术,成功使用厚度为4 mm的工业用铝合金薄板制造了圆角极小(R≤4 mm)的高铁边缘蒙皮和直壁拉深成形的大型地铁门框零件(h≈80 mm),该成形件具有尺寸精度高、壁厚分布均匀、形状稳定性高等优点,同时其力学性能满足使用要求。

The forming tests of side wall outer panel of metro vehicle were carried out by quick superplastic forming.The results show that the production efficiency is high,the cost is low and it can successfully solve the problems that the traditional stamping process can not achieve complex surface aluminum parts and the traditional superplastic forming process has long forming cycle and low efficiency.The quick superplastic forming technology combined hot drawing and superplastic forming was determined though a series of experiments.The high-speed rail edge skin with a very small fillet shape(R≤4 mm)and the large-size subway door frame part(h≈80 mm)formed by straight wall deep drawing were manufactured by using industrial aluminum alloy sheet with thickness of 4 mm.The formed parts show the advantages of high dimensional accuracy,uniform wall thickness distribution and high shape stability.Meanwhile,the mechanical properties of formed parts can meet the operating requirements.