精神分裂症病人家属出院准备度调查研究

Investigation on readiness of hospital discharge in family members of schizophrenia patients

[目的]探讨精神分裂症病人家属出院准备度的情况及影响因素。[方法]采用横断面调查设计方案,选取成都市2所三级甲等医院精神科计划在1～2 d内准备接精神分裂症病人出院、并担负主要照顾责任的348名家属进行问卷调查,调查问卷包括一般资料调查表、出院准备度量表(RHDS)和出院指导质量量表(QDTS),采用多元线性回归方法分析影响精神分裂症病人家属出院准备度的因素。[结果]调查对象中有69.6%的家属表示照顾病人有困难,94.8%的家属愿意照顾病人,83.5%的家属与病人同住。精神分裂症病人家属RHDS总分为(152.95±28.55)分,其中自身状况(7.47±1.45)分、出院后应对能力(7.26±1.67)分、疾病知识(6.64±1.60)分、可获得的社会支持(6.45±2.03)分,QDTS总分为(128.26±27.34)分,其中讲授技巧(7.52±1.41)分、指导内容(6.32±2.11)分。出院指导质量、是否觉得照顾病人困难、是否愿意照顾病人、是否和病人住在一起为影响精神分裂症病人家属出院准备度的因素,可解释出院准备度40.0%的变异。[结论]多数精神分裂症病人家属出院准备度较好,但对疾病知识的了解不够,预计可获得的社会支持不理想。精神分裂症病人家属出院准备度主要受出院指导质量、是否觉得照顾病人困难、是否愿意照顾病人、是否和病人住在一起的影响。

Objective:To investigate the readiness for hospital discharge(RHO) in family members caring for schizophrenia patients and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:This research adopted a cross-sectional survey design.The family members who cared for schizophrenia patients(in 2 third grade A hospitals in Chengdu) and would received discharge schizophrenia patients within 1 or 2 days were selected and invested by General Information Questionnaire,the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale(RHDS)and the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale(QDTS).The factors that affected the RHDS were analyzed by multivariate linear regression.Results:A total of 69.6% of family members indicated that they had difficulty in caring for patients,94.8% of the family members were willing to take care of the patients,and 83.5% of the family members lived with the patients.The total score of RHDS in family members with schizophrenia patients was(152.95±28.55),including(7.47±1.45) on self-condition,(7.26±1.67) on post-discharge coping ability,(6.64±1.60) on disease knowledge,and(6.45±2.03) on available social support.The total score of QDT was(128.26±27.34),in which(7.52±1.41) on lecture skills and(6.32±2.11) on lecture content.The quality of discharge guidance,whether has difficult feeling in caring or not,whether willing to take care of the patient or not,and whether live with the patient or not were the factors affecting the RHD of the family members of the schizophrenia patient.The coefficient of determination was 0.40.Conclusions:Most family members of schizophrenia patients had better RHD,but lack of disease knowledge,which could not obtain satisfactory social support.The RHD of family members of schizophrenia patients was mainly influenced by the quality of discharge guidance or not,whether has difficult feeling in caring or not,whether willing to take care of the patient or not,and whether living with the patient or nat.