贮存温度及形态对甜樱桃花粉耐贮性的影响研究

Effect of Pollen Storage Temperature and Anther Morphology of Sweet Cherry on its Storability

以吉美、艳阳、先锋、雷尼、斯坦拉等5个甜樱桃品种为材料,采用花粉离体培养法、烘干法、蔗糖悬浮液法和果胶酶酶解法等研究了温度条件和花药形态对樱桃花粉贮存时间的影响,以及中、晚熟优质樱桃品种花粉的生活力、出粉量和含水量等指标,为甜樱桃杂交育种提供理论依据和生产实践提供参考。结果为吉美、艳阳等5个甜樱桃品种的花粉总含水量在39.65%～68.62%,在25℃烘箱内烘干24h后含水率降至4.98%～6.1%,此时5个品种花粉生活力均在40%以上。吉美、艳阳、先锋三个品种甜樱桃单药出粉量分别为2 120,1 952,2 711粒;单花出粉量均在60.0×103以上,以先锋最高为103.0×103;吉美、先锋单克花粉量高于50.0×106。吉美、艳阳、先锋三种甜樱桃花粉在4℃条件下贮存2.5个月仍可以保持10%以上的花粉生活力;在-20℃低温和-80℃超低温条件下可实现周年保存,且贮存效果相差不大,365d花粉生活力均可保持贮存前14%以上,-80℃下先锋花粉活力最高可达36.22%。长期贮存中以花药形态贮存的甜樱桃花粉表现出了更好的耐贮存性,低温可实现其周年保存,低温贮存时选择-20℃最佳。吉美、艳阳、先锋三个品种均适合作为花粉生产品种,以先锋最适宜。

The effects of temperature conditions and storage form on the storage time of cherry pollen were studied,as well as the viability,powder yield,and water content of pollen in middle and late mature cherry cultivars,which provided a theoretical basis and reference for cross breeding of sweet cherryand production practice.Five sweet cherry varieties such as ’Jimei’,’Sunburst’,’Van’,’Rainier’and’Stella’were used as the materials.The drying method was used to measure the pollen moisture content.Sucrose suspension method and pectinase enzymolysis method were used to measure the pollen amount.The determination of pollen viability was conducted using pollen germination in vitro,and then the effect of different storage temperaturesand anther morphology were studied.The total pollen contents of five sweet cherry varieties such as ’Jimei’and ’Sunburst’ranged from39.65%to 68.62%.After drying in an oven at 25℃for 24 hours,the moisture content decreased to4.98%and 6.1%.The pollen viability of all varieties is above 40%.The yields of single anther pollen of 3 sweet cherry varieties as’Jimei’,’Sunburs’ and’Van’are 2120,1952,and 2711 respectively.The amount of pollen produced from single flower was above 60.0×103,and the highest amount is from ’Van’which is 103.0×103.As to’Jimei’and ’Van’,the amount is higher than 50.0×106.The sweet cherry pollen of’Jimei’,’Sunburst’,’Van’can maintain a more than 10%pollen viability at 4℃for 2.5 months;at low temperature-20℃andsuper low temperature-80℃in the cryogenic storage,pollen viability can maintain active for a year,and the storage effect of the two temperatures showed little difference.The 365-day pollen viability could be maintained at more than 14% before storage,and that of’Van’could reach 36.22%stored below-80℃.Sweet cherry pollen stored in anther form during long-term storage showed better storage stability,and its annual storage at low temperature was the best.The best temperature was-20℃ when stored at low temperature.’Jimei’,’Sunburst’and’Van’are all suitable varieties for pollen production,and’Van’is the most suitable.