美国加利福尼亚州核桃栽植与加工考察报告

Inspection Report on Walnut Cultivation and Processing in California of the United States of America

美国是世界核桃生产大国和强国,核桃种植面积约为11万公顷,集中分布于加利福尼亚州,全部良种建园,品种少而精,主栽品种突出,主要品种有强特勒"霍华德""图莱尔",一般株距5～6m,行距8～10m,不间作套种,定干较高(1.5～2.0m),3a内人工定干,修剪,水肥一体化管理,生产加工过程全采取机械化作业,一般单位面积年产值9.0万～10.5万元·hm-2,是陕西省的9倍;针对陕西省核桃产业栽植面积大、品种混杂、管理粗放、投入少、单产低、效益差等问题,参照美国经验,可采取嫁接改造现有低产园以实现一园一品,适当降低新建园栽植密度以利机械作业,强化土肥水等管理以提高单产等措施。

The Unite States is a country with walnut cultivation area about 110,000 hm2,all with improved varieties and main varieties to be Huoerde and Tulaier,and most concentrating in California.The spacing between lines are 8 to 10 mand between plants are 5 to 6 mand set stem height is 1.5 to2 m,and the whole operation is done by machine.Per hm2 output ranges from RMB 90,000 to 105,000,9 times of the unit output of Shaanxi.The shortcomings of Shaanxi walnut cultivation are regarded to be big in area but too many varieties mixed,non-intensive management with less input,lower output and poor effectiveness.Considering the problems and shortcomings,Shaanxi walnut industry should narrow the varieties,reduce the density of planting,improve the efficiency by machine operation and strengthen the integration of irrigation with fertilization to increase the unit output.