晚播条件下播期与播量对小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Rate on Grain Filling Characteristics of Strong Gluten Wheat under Late Sowing Conditions

研究山西晋中地区晚播条件下播期播量互作对强筋小麦CA0547灌浆过程中千粒质量、蛋白质及其组分含量与产量的影响,并探讨它们之间的相关性,阐明晚播条件下的最佳播期播量。采取裂区试验设计,通过田间取样与室内分析,探索了晚播播期播量互作条件下强筋小麦的籽粒灌浆特性。结果表明,晚播条件下播期播量互作强筋小麦灌浆进程及蛋白质含量可以采用一元三次多项式方程来模拟,分别呈现S型和V型变化曲线;蛋白质含量于花后18 d降至最低;随着灌浆时间的持续推进,清蛋白的含量逐渐减少,球蛋白始终保持最低,醇溶蛋白含量、谷蛋白含量都明显提高;蛋白质组分含量最高的是适播适量(A2B2),但播种量对小麦籽粒品质的影响明显小于播种时期。强筋小麦最大粒质量、最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率以及起始生长势均以早播少量(A1B1)、适播适量(A2B2)、晚播多量(A3B3)最高,灌浆持续期、产量则随播期推迟呈先升高后降低的趋势,10月8日达到最高。晋中地区强筋小麦晚播条件下遵循早播少量、适播适量、晚播多量规律,最晚于10月8日播种、播量为225 kg/hm^2时可实现高产。

To study the effect of sowing rate and sowing date interactions on the 1 000-grain quality, protein and its components and yield of strong gluten wheat CA0547 under late sowing conditions in Jinzhong region of Shanxi province, and to explore the correlation between them and to determine best sowing date and rate, the split-plot test design was adopted. Field sampling and indoor analysis were conducted to explore the grain filling characteristics of strong gluten wheat of sowing date and sowing amount interaction under late sowing condition. The results showed that under late sowing conditions, the grain filling process and protein content of strong gluten wheat could be simulated using the single-variable cubic polynomial equation. They showed S and V curve, respectively. Protein content reduced to a minimum after 18 d. As the filling time continued, the content of albumin decreased gradually, the globulin remained the lowest, the content of prolamin and gluten increased significantly. The highest content of protein components was suitable sowing and suitable anount(A2B2), but the effect of sowing rate on wheat grain quality was significantly less than that of sowing date. The maximum grain quality, maximum grain filling rate, average grain filling rate and initial growth potential of strong gluten wheat were the highest with a small amount of early sowing(A1B1), a suitable amount of suitable sowing(A2B2) and a large amount of late sowing(A3B3),respectively. The grain filling duration and yield increased first and then decreased with the delay of sowing date, and reached the highest on October 8. Under the condition of late sowing of strong gluten wheat in Jinzhong area, the law of small amount of early sowing, suitable amount of suitable sowing and large amount of late sowing were observed. High yield can be achieved by sowing at the latest on October 8 and sowing at 225 kg/hm^2.