冬小麦穗粒数和粒质量对喷施生物微肥的响应

Response of Grain Numbers Per Spike and Grain Quality of Winter Wheat on Biological Micro-fertilizer Spraying

初步探讨孕穗前喷施生物微肥对小麦穗粒数和粒质量的调控效应,以期为增加小麦穗粒数、粒质量,提高产量调控技术的研究提供参考。试验以半冬性品种郑麦379为供试材料,利用赛土丰和赛苗旺复合营养剂于小麦孕穗前分别进行根部和叶面喷施处理,对不同喷施条件下的小花数、小花败育速率、成熟后小麦穗部性状进行观察和分析。结果表明,叶面喷施赛苗旺、土壤喷施赛土丰+叶面喷施赛苗旺处理可降低小麦败育阶段基部和中部穗位的小花败育速率,并显著提高其部位的小花数,与喷施清水相比,2个处理基部小穗位的小花败育速率分别降低18.9%,20.5%,中部小穗位小花的败育速率分别降低14.7%,23.6%。综合产量各因素进一步分析发现,在基部穗位,土壤喷施赛土丰、叶面喷施赛苗旺和土壤喷施赛土丰+叶面喷施赛苗旺处理的粒质量分别较清水对照高7.7%,0.2%,12.2%,穗粒数分别较清水对照多0.1,1.7,1.9个;在中部穗位,土壤喷施赛土丰、叶面喷施赛苗旺和土壤喷施赛土丰+叶面喷施赛苗旺处理的粒质量分别较清水对照高13.5%,-3.6%,14.6%,穗粒数分别较清水对照多0.5,3.55,4.85个。综上说明,在小花发育后期,土壤喷施赛土丰处理主要是通过提高小麦基部、中部穗位的粒质量来提高产量,叶面喷施赛苗旺处理主要是通过提高小麦基部、中部穗位的穗粒数来提高产量,土壤喷施赛土丰+叶面喷施赛苗旺处理则可通过同时提高小麦籽粒质量和穗粒数来提高产量,且效果显著。生物微肥营养剂赛土丰和赛苗旺结合施用,在增加小麦穗粒数、提高最终粒质量方面有较大的调控潜力。

Preliminary study the regulation effect of spray biological micro-fertilizer compound nutrition preparation on wheat grain number and grain quality at pre-booting stage, aims to provide references for the chemical regulation of increases in the grain number per ear, grain quality and improving yield control technology of wheat. Field experiment took wheat cultivar Zhengmai 379 as test material,spraying different treatments on wheat roots and leaves before booting, observation and analysis of floret number, abortion rate of floret and spike traits of wheat after ripening under different spraying conditions. The results showed that compared with the spraying water,spraying SMW and STF+SMW restrained infertility rate of the basal and central spikelet florets, and significantly promoted the number of floret increasing in these positions of spike. Compared with the water control treatment, the basal spikelet florets’ infertility rate were decreased by 18.9%, 20.5%, and the central spikelet florets’ infertility rate were decreased by 14.7%, 23.6%, respectively. Further analysis of various factors of comprehensive yield revealed that in the basal spikelet positions, compared with the water control treatment,the STF, SMW and STF+SMW treatments’ grain quality were increased by 7.7%, 0.2%, 12.2%, respectively, and the grain numbers per ear increased 0.1, 1.7, 1.9, respectively. In the central spikelet positions, compared with the water control treatment, the STF, SMW and STF+SMW treatments’ grain quality increased by 13.5%,-3.6%, 14.6%, respectively, and the grain numbers per ear were increased 0.5, 3.55, 4.85, respectively. All this suggests that in the later stage of floret development, spraying STF treatment was mainly by increasing the grain quality of the basal and central spikelets to improve grain yield, spraying SMW treatment was mainly by increasing the grain number of the basal and central spikelets to improve grain yield, spraying STF +SMW treatment could improve the yield by increasing both the grain quality and grain number per ear, and it was very significantly effective. The combination of STF and SMW, a compound nutrient of bio-micronutrient fertilizer, has great regulatory potential in increasing the number of grains per spike and improving the final grain quality of wheat.