膜间喷施乙草胺对张杂谷10号生理特性及产量的影响

Effects of acetochlor application between plastic mulches in the filed on the physiological characteristics and yield of ZhangzaGu 10

[目的]本研究旨在探明在覆膜谷子田膜间喷施乙草胺对谷子苗期生理特性与产量的影响。[方法]试验以张杂谷10号为研究对象,采用完全随机区组设计,5月23日播种,5月24日通过膜间喷施不同剂量(0 L·hm^(-2),2.25 L·hm^(-2), 4.5 L·hm^(-2), 6.75 L·hm^(-2),9 L·hm^(-2))乙草胺,在苗期测定谷子叶片中的POD、SOD活性,MDA含量,施药45 d杂草防效以及成熟期产量构成指标。[结果]从生理指标来看,各处理下谷子叶片SOD、POD活性随着喷施乙草胺剂量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,随时间的延长POD、SOD活性仅9 L·hm^(-2)剂量较对照差异显著(P<0.05),而各处理MDA含量显著高于对照,随时间的延长各处理间与对照相比均无显著差异;从杂草防除率来看,各处理杂草防除效果随剂量增加而增加,在9 L·hm^(-2)剂量下达到最大,杂草防除率为97.18%;从产量来看,各处理产量随剂量增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,在2.25 L·hm^(-2)剂量时达最大值,较对照显著增加13.89%(P<0.05),其中除穗重显著增加外,其它产量构成指标与对照相比均无显著性差异,而在6.75、9 L·hm^(-2)剂量下产量较对照相比显著降低25.28%,39.31%。[结论]在膜间喷施2.25 L·hm^(-2)乙草胺最为适宜,谷子生长发育安全且除草效果较好,产量增加,可推荐谷田膜间施用,而喷施6.75 L·hm^(-2)、9 L·hm^(-2)乙草胺其杂草防除率高达94%以上,但会造成减产,应谨慎喷施使用。

[Objective] Present study was designed to explore the impact of Acetochlor applied between plastic mulches at seedling stage of crops on the physiological characteristics and yield of ZhangzaGu 10 in the field. [Methods] The ZhangzaGu 10 was selected as research objects, and randomized complete block design(RCBD) was conducted. The fields were sowed on May 23, and Acetochlor at four different rates(2.25 L·hm-2, 4.5 L·hm-2, 6.75 L·hm-2, and 9 L·hm-2) was sprayed on the field soil between plastic mulches on May 24. Tap water served as control treatment. POD and SOD activities, MDA content of crop leaves at seedling stage, weed prevention efficacy in 45 days of herbicide application, and crop yield were employed as major parameters to determine the influence of herbicide application on the crops. [Results] The results showed that SOD and POD activities of crop leaves were enhanced firstly and then decreased with the increase of the Acetochlor rates. Both POD and SOD activities at 9 L·hm-2Acetochlor treatment were significantly higher than that of control( P<0.05), while the MDA content in all treatments was significantly greater than that of control group. Compared with control, there was no significant difference of each treatment with time increase. The efficacy of herbicide applied between plastic mulches was increased with the increase of application rate. In the 9 L·hm-2Acetochlor treatment, percentage of weed prevention was reached up to 97.18%. The yield of crops in all treatments was increased with the increase of application rates firstly and then decreased with the highest yield obtained in 2.25 L·hm-2Acetochlor treatment, which was 13.89% higher than that of control treatment(P<0.05), No significant difference was observed between other yield components of each treatment and control group except ear weight, while in 6.75 L·hm-2 and 9 L·hm-2Acetochlor treatments, yield was significantly decreased by 25.28% and 39.31%, respectively, compared with control treatment(P<0.05). [Conclusion]Acetochlor application rate at 2.25 L·hm-2 was optimal for crop growth and development, and produced good weed inhibition activity and higher yield of crop. The mentioned rate can be recommended to be applied on the soil area between plastic mulches. The application of 6.75 L·hm-2 and 9 L·hm-2Acetochlor produced a weed control of more than 94%, but the crop yield was reduced, therefore the caution should be used to apply the herbicide at these rates.