水电站地面厂房抗震研究现状与展望

Present Situation and Prospect of Seismic Research on Ground Powerhouse of Hydropower Station

我国水能资源多集中在地震频发、地震烈度高的西部地区,水电站地面厂房是水能转化为电能的重要场所,其地震动力响应规律明显区别于工业厂房和其它水工建筑物,有其自身的特点。与大坝、边坡和隧洞等水工建筑物相比,水电站地面厂房的抗震研究相对滞后,本文总结了当前地面厂房的抗震研究现状,包括地震响应的计算方法、混凝土材料非线性本构和结构非线性接触、动水压力模拟、边界条件以及地震响应评价方法等,对多数学者认可的主流方法和模型进行了介绍。最后提出了值得深入研究的若干问题,如近断层地震动作用下水电站厂房的抗震性能、厂房地基岩体的非线性、不同蜗壳埋设方式对厂房的抗震性能的影响等。

China’s hydro-power resources are mostly concentrated in the western regions with frequent earthquakes and high seismic intensity. The hydro-power station ground building is an important place for water energy to be converted into electric energy. The seismic dynamic response law is obviously different from industrial plants and other hydraulic structures with its own characteristics. Compared with hydraulic structures such as dams, slopes and tunnels, the seismic research of ground power plants of hydro-power stations is relatively lagging. This paper summarizes the current seismic research status of ground buildings, including the calculation method of seismic response, nonlinear constitutive of concrete materials and Structural nonlinear contact, hydrodynamic pressure simulation, boundary conditions and seismic response evaluation methods are introduced, and mainstream methods and models approved by most scholars are introduced. Finally,it puts forward some problems worthy of further study, such as the seismic performance of the hydro-power station building under the action of near-fault ground motion, the non-linearity of the rock mass of the building foundation, and the influence of different volute embedding methods on the seismic performance of the plant.