现代社会科学的现代性问题——从现代社会科学的起源看

The Issue of Modernity in the Modern Social Sciences: Research From the Origin of the Modern Social Sciences

现代意义上的社会科学自其诞生即裹挟着相应的现代性风险,启蒙运动、科技革命、法国大革命的发生以及牛顿新物理学的建立将理性主义推到了众人崇拜的地位,现代社会科学中多数学科的建构、研究方法乃至研究范围也都深受自然科学的影响。崇尚理性主义、欧洲中心主义以及实证主义,历时态看现代社会科学的这些特征是在批判传统或古典学术范式基础上建立起来的,其进步价值毋庸置疑。然而审视当前,全球化语境下社会科学的现代性症结日渐凸显,成为约束现代社会科学发展的深层力量。今日社会科学的发展必须超越自身的现代性困境,消解由工具理性与实证主义等带来的偏狭性,摆脱民族性与国家性的"挟持",改变长期以来社会科学研究中所谓"西方世界"与"非西方世界"的"对立"立场。

Modern social science was carrying corresponding risk of modernity since its establishment.Due to the occurrence of the enlightenment,scientific and technological revolution,French revolution and the birth of Newton’s new physics,rationalism was pushed to the status of popular admiration.The construction,research methods and research scope of most disciplines of the modern social sciences are deeply affected by natural science and modernity,and the problems of modernity,including extreme worship of rationalism,European centralism and superstitious positivism,are common in these disciplines.Only by transcending its modernity,rectifying radical rationalism and eliminating the insularity of positivism,getting rid of a nationality and state,with the'community of human desting'as the foundation of the research framework,can social sciences lift long-standing social science research in the so-called oppositional'west'and'non-western world'position and develop healthily.