正义与幸福之关系问题的政治哲学解答——柏拉图《理想国》的一种读解

The Answer of Political Philosophy to the Question Concerning the Relationship Between Justice and Happiness——A Reading of Plato’s The Republic

柏拉图《理想国》最为关注的就是正义与幸福的关系问题。然而并非寻常的是,《理想国》给这一问题提供了3种既有所差异又相互联结的答案,即哲学的解答、神话—宗教的解答和政治哲学的解答。出于'公民—战士'之教育的政治需要而被重写和重构的哲学解答、神话—宗教的解答一起,为我们提供了'正义与幸福之关系问题'的政治哲学解答。在政治哲学的视域中得到重构和肯定的'神话—宗教'乃是一种'公民的宗教',而对'公民的宗教'之(诸)神的存在及其性质等的阐述和论证实质上则是一种'政治的神学'。

Plato paid close attention to the question of the relationship between justice and happiness in The Republic.Although we know what Plato said about this question,unexpectedly there are three different and related answers to the question in The Republic,namely,a philosophical answer,a mythical-religious answer and an answer of political philosophy.The philosophical answer and the mythical-religious answer,which are rewritten and reconstructed because of the need of civil education,together formulate the answer of political philosophy.The myth or religion that is reconstructed and recognized from the perspective of political philosophy is essentially a kind of'civil religion',and the theology of the gods of civil religion is a kind of'political theology'.