越文化中心地的民族变迁与人口发展(下)

The Changes of Nationality and the Development of Population in the Yue Region

在新石器时代,越地的人群经历了多次的整合与嬗替。於越民族至迟在马桥文化时期在越地形成,他们是越国文化的创造者。秦始皇用兵东南之后,迁徙越文化中心地的人群,此事当有一定事实根据。而说越文化中心地的於越民族自此绝迹,却与事实不符,越人的特征性遗传因素在今天的江浙一带仍有不小的比重,只不过已经完全融入汉族。越地的人口发展,总体来说是逐步上升的,其波动的趋势又与越文化的发展趋势大致同步。越地历史上各时期的人口发展并不平衡,初唐至天宝年间等阶段的人口增长引人注目,在清朝更臻于大盛。秦并会稽、西汉末年动乱、"永嘉南渡"、"安史之乱"、"靖康之难"所引发的历次移民潮,深刻影响了越文化发展的进程以及中国政治、经济、文化格局的调整,是越文化"点状突进"发展模式的重要外部机遇。

The people in the Yue region experienced a number of integration and evolution in the Neolithic age. The Yuyue people,who appeared in the Yue region as early as the Maqiao culture,are the creators of Yue culture. It may be a fact that the first emperor of the Qin dynasty migrated the people in the region to other parts of China after the military actions. But it is inconsistent with the fact that the Yuyue people disappeared from the region ever since. The offsprings of Yuyue people have been fully integrated into the Han nationality,with their genetic features reflected in the people of today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas by a large proportion. On the whole,the population of the Yue region was gradually rising and its fluctuation kept pace with the trend of the development of Yue culture. Although the growth of population of the region in each dynasty was imbalanced,it deserves our attention to the growth of population from early Tang dynasty to the Tianbao period. In the Qing dynasty,the population reached its peak. The successive waves of migrants caused by a series of political chaos have a profound impact on the process of the cultural development and the adjustment of the pattern of Chinese politics,economy and culture,which is an important external opportunity to the development of Yue culture.