STEM教师队伍建设:探究美国STEM教师的工作满意度

STEM Teacher Education: Exploring U.S. STEM Teachers’ Job Satisfaction

近年来,虽然很多研究调查了影响教师工作满意度的可能因素及其与教师工作满意度的关系,但很少有研究从工作要求—资源理论(Job Demands-Resources理论,简称JD-R理论)的视角去分析影响STEM教师的工作满意度的因素.基于JD-R理论,文章建构了STEM教师工作满意度模型,通过验证性因子分析以及结构方程模型分析了工作要求以及工作资源对STEM教师工作满意度的贡献,并验证了教师工作满意度与性别、工作时间、工作年限、工资以及教学年级段之间的关系.研究发现,工作资源因素会对STEM教师工作满意度产生重要的正面影响,而工作要求因素可产生一般的反面影响;同时工资水平对其有显著的正向影响;高中STEM教师比初中STEM教师有更高的工作满意度.研究启示:STEM教师工作满意度模型可为将来研究中国STEM教师教育提供一个不同的视角,同时为进一步解决STEM教师短缺问题提供一个可参考路径.

Although many studies had investigated possible factors of teachers’job satisfaction and their correlations with job satisfaction,few studies had analyzed factors influencing STEM teachers’job satisfaction from the perspective of Job demands-resources theory(JD-R theory).Based on the JD-R theory,this study constructed a STEM teachers’job satisfaction model.Through employing confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model to analyze the contributions of job demands and resources to STEM teachers’job satisfaction,this study verified that the relationships between teachers’job satisfaction and gender,working hours,experiences,wage,and grade levels.The study found that the factor of job resource had a significant positive effect on STEM teachers’job satisfaction,while the factor of job demands had a general negative effect on STEM teachers’job satisfaction.Also,wage level had a significant positive impact on job satisfaction.However,high-school STEM teachers tend to have higher job satisfaction than middle-school STEM teachers’.The STEM teacher job satisfaction model in this study could provide a different perspective for the future study of STEM teacher education and a potential solution to the shortage of STEM teachers in China.