燕政权的嬗变与河北藩镇格局起源

The Evolution of the Yan Regime and the Origins of the Provincial Pattern in Hebei

安史之乱时期的燕政权由安禄山建立的燕与史思明建立的后燕构成,两者之间变革性大于延续性。安燕政权的核心是幽州文士集团,这一群体是在玄宗朝后期选人壅滞的背景下经安禄山刻意培植而形成的,燕朝建立后成为实际决策层,但内部存在分歧,经过至德二载光复两京与乾元二年史燕革命而宣告瓦解。安史易代后的史燕政权实质上是此前平叛遗留的政治问题,底层偏裨出身的武将势力日益壮大,至燕朝末期实际掌控了地方权力。宝应元年的最终平叛,是唐朝在与史燕地方实权派媾和的基础上对史朝义力量进行的集中清除。此后,"节帅出偏裨"逐渐成为常态,与地方军州形成制衡,共同构成了战后河北藩镇的基本格局。

The Yan regime emerging in the rebellion of An Lushan was made up of the Yan regime established by An Lushan and the later Yan regime established by Shi Siming.The core of An Yan regime was the literati group from Youzhou.This group was deliberately brought up by An Lushan in the context of blocking talents in the late period of Emperor Xuanzong’s reign.It became the real policy makers after the establishment of the Yan dynasty,but there existed internal divisions within the group.After the restoration of the two capitals,numerous civil officials of Yan surrendered to the Tang court,while the rest were executed by Shi Siming in the internal strife a year later.The Shi Yan regime was actually an unsettled political problem,which exerted profound influences on the provincial pattern of Hebei.Meanwhile,the assistant generals from lower ranks grew into the provincial leaders,who made a tacit compromise with the Tang court before the final campaign in the first year of Baoying,which isolated the last emperor of Yan.It then became a routine that provincial leaders came from assistant generals,who kept a balance of power between the military forts and local forces.