日俄战争后美国政府对中国政局的观察和反应

US Government's Observations and Responses to China's Political Situation after the Russo-Japanese War

美国政府对中国政局的观察和反应是美国对华政策的一个重要组成部分。在对日俄战争之后中国政局的观察和反应上,美国政府一方面从对华门户开放政策出发,支持清廷内亲外的改革派势力袁世凯集团,主张清政府进行渐进的政治改革,希望中国秩序稳定、进步,并不急于向中国输出美国的民主制度和价值观。另一方面,美国政府对中国国内兴起的民族主义运动又持敌视或漠视态度,其对贸易投资和利益的追求远远胜于其对稳定和秩序的关注,由此助长中国国内革命,导致清政府的垮台。美国政府对中国政局反应中存在的这种二律背反现象,既是美国对华政策失败的一个重要原因,也是美国政府在许多弱小国家外交政策上的一个通病。

The US government’s observation and reaction to China’s political situation is an important part of US policy toward China.After the Russo-Japanese War,the US government,on the one hand,supported the Yuan Shikai Group who were reformists in the Qing court,and advocated gradual political reforms carried out by the Qing government.The US government hoped that the order in China would be stable and progressive,and it was not eager to export the American democratic system and values to China.On the other hand,the US government was hostile to or nonchalant to the nationalist movement that had arisen in China.Its pursuit of trade,investment and interests far outweighed its concern for China’s stability and order,thereby contributing to the domestic revolution in China and leading to the collapse of the Qing government.The paradox which existed in the US government’s reaction to China’s political situation,was not only an important element in the failure of US policy toward China,but also a common problem in the US foreign policy toward many small and weak countries.