近代上海高校历史学科的创设、发展与转型

The Establishment,Development and Transformation of the Discipline of History in Modern Shanghai Universities

近代上海高校的历史学科创设于清末,经历了从课程到学程,再到科系、院系的发展过程,到20世纪20年代末30年代初,已有诸多高校开设历史学科,并基本形成了文学院之下历史系或近似于历史系的学科建制。然而,近代上海缺乏综合性国立大学,高校以私立大学和教会大学为主体,因此,历史学科繁荣发展的背后,存在着学科设置重复、师资力量紧缺、人才培养功能不足的深刻危机和内在限制。20世纪30年代以后,上海高校的历史学科不断寻求转型突破之路,形成了几种形态各异的发展模式。

The discipline of history in modern Shanghai universities was founded in the late Qing dynasty.It went through the development process from curriculum to course,and then to departments.By the end of 1920 sand the beginning of 1930 s,many universities had opened the discipline of history,and basically formed the disciplinary system of establishing history department under the school of literature.However,modern Shanghai were in lack of comprehensive national universities.Private universities and church universities were the main body of universities.Behind the prosperity and development of history departments,there existed profound crises and inherent limitations such as duplication of disciplines,shortage of teachers and insufficient function of personnel training.Therefore,after the 1930 s,the history departments of Shanghai universities had been seeking ways of reform and breakthrough,thus forming several different development modes.