全面抗战前国民政府构筑国防工事的权衡与实践——以巩洛区国防工事为例（1935-1937)

The Kuomintang Government’s Trade-off and Practice in Building Defense Fortifications before the Outbreak of the Full-scale Anti-Japenese war:A Case Study of the Defense Fortifications in Gong County and Luoyang Area,1935-1937

全面抗战爆发前,国民政府为因应时局,亟须进行防御工事建设,以加强防卫力量。蒋介石等人根据国际局势演变,并盱衡国情,逐渐确立了构建要塞、保护核心地区的国防策略。巩洛地区位于中原核心地带,其军事价值不容忽视。为此,国民政府于1935年年初,决定在该地区修建永久性国防工事,并要求地方军事长官规划、实施。基于中央和地方的不同考量,二者国防工事构筑方案存在分歧。且囿于经济能力,国民政府难以满足地方防卫建设所需资源,修筑期间双方就此问题多有交涉。最终,该工程在诸多因素推动之下,于1937年年初全部竣工,形成沿黄河带状防御工事体系,在抗战期间起到了一定的预期防御作用。

Before the outbreak of the full-scale Anti-Japanese war,the Kuomintang government needed to build defense works to strengthen defense forces.Chiang Kai-Shek and others,based on the evolution of international situation and taking account of the national conditions,had gradually established the national defense strategy of constructing fortresses and protecting the core areas.Located in the Central Plains,the military value of Gong county and Luoyang area couldnot be ignored.Therefore,in early 1935,the KMT government decided to build permanent defense fortifications in these areas and asked the local authorities to be responsible for its planning and implementation.Based on different considerations,the central and local governments had divergences in the building schemes of defense fortifications,while limited by economic capacity,the KMT government couldnot meet the need for resources in local defense construction.During the construction period,the central and local governments negotiated many times over this issue.Finally,under the impetus of many factors,the project was completely finished at the beginning of 1937,which formed a defense system along the Yellow River and had a certain expected defense effect during the Anti-Japanese war.