论信息化侦查与公民隐私权保护——以德国《电信法》第113条a、b款为例

Analysis of Informatization Investigation and the Protection of Citizens' Privacy——Based on Item a and b of Article 113 of Telecommunications Act of Germany

2008年初生效的德国《电信法》自通过以来,因其一百一十三条a、b项下规定的将公民通讯数据不加甄别地储存6个月并在特定情况下提供使用的内容而饱受争议。作为现代信息化侦查手段之一,通讯数据储存一方面被侦查部门认为是预防犯罪、打击恐怖活动、查获罪犯的有效手段;另一方面又因其直接针对公民的私人通讯数据,被认为可能侵犯公民的隐私权。文章将以德国《电信法》中的相关规定以及法院在相关案件中的判决为例,分析信息化侦查的犯罪预防功能及其与公民隐私权保护之间的关系。

Since the early2008 when 'Telecommunications Act'came into force in Germany,it has caused severe controversy because of the obligation imposed by Item a and b of Article 113 which stipulate that the service providers shall store the telecommunication data of individuals for six months with no distinctions and provide them for use under certain circumstances. As one of the modern investigation means,the storage of telecommunication data is,on one hand,regarded as an effective measure to prevent crimes,combat terrorism and seize the criminal,and on the other hand it is suspicious of infringing the basic right of privacy of individuals. This article takes the provisions of'Telecommunications Act'of Germany and judgment of the court in relevant cases as examples,and analyzes the role of informatization investigation in the prevention of crime and the protection of citizens' privacy.