不同保藏方法对金针菇“上研1号”栽培特性的影响

Effect of Different Preservation Methods on the Main Cultivation Characteristics of Flammulina velutipes“Shangyan 1”

针对金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)菌种在保藏中难以保持遗传性能相对稳定的问题,以金针菇新品种"上研1号"为供试菌株,采用继代培养法(C)、液体石蜡法(P)、液氮法(N)和蒸馏水法(W)保藏两年后,观测活化菌丝的生长、液体菌种性能及工厂化栽培性状,比较不同保藏方法对金针菇栽培特性的影响。研究结果表明:液氮法保藏处理和继代培养保藏处理中,活化菌丝生长速度快,菌落浓白、均一;液体菌种成球度、菌球大小和密度等方面均表现优异,液体菌种终止pH在5.9～6.0之间;菌丝分支能力强,锁状联合明显且数量较多。在工厂化栽培中,液氮法保藏处理子实体整齐度好、产量高(每瓶372.67 g);液氮法和继代培养法保藏处理的A级商品菇比例相近,商品性状优良。液氮法与继代培养法保藏处理在两年内均可维持金针菇新品种的栽培特性,但液氮保藏法操作更为便捷,是保藏金针菇品种的稳定、可靠、省力的方法。

The genetic stability of Flammulina velutipes strains is difficult to be maintained during storage.Aiming at this issue,the new cultivar 'Shangyan 1' was used as the test strain and 4 preservation methods were assessed: the subculture preservation method(C), liquid paraffin preservation method(P), liquid nitrogen preservation method(N) and distilled water preservation method(W). Cultivation characteristics including the growth rate of activated strain, indexes of liquid spawn and industrial cultivation performance were observed after 2 years, and the effects of different preservation methods on the cultivation characteristics were compared. The results showed that after C and N treatments, the mycelia grew fast, the colonies were white and uniform, the indexes of liquid spawn such as sphericity, size and density were excellent, and the termination pH values were between 5. 9 and 6.0. The microscopic examination revealed that mycelial growth direction was clear with many branches and obvious clamp cells. Among the industrial cultivation indexes, the best uniformity and the highest average yield(372.67 g/bottle) were observed after N treatment. Both N and C treatments maintained the cultivation characteristics of the new F. velutipes cultivar within 2 years, by providing similar ratios of A-grade products with outstanding commercial characters after reactivation. However, liquid nitrogen preservation is easier to operate, and hence recommended as a stable, reliable and labor-saving method for the preservation of F. velutipes cultivar.